Computer-based Holography and Middle-Ear Function

基于计算机的全息术和中耳功能

• 批准号: 8247708
• 负责人: JOHN J ROSOWSKI
• 金额: $ 31.9万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS EYE AND EAR INFIRMARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2015-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8247708
• 关键词: Acoustics; Affect; Cartilage; Chinchilla (genus); Complex; Computers; Conceptions; Couples; Coupling; Data; Dimensions; Disease; Distal; Ear; Excision; External auditory canal; Eye; Felis catus; Fiber; Fiber Optics; Frequencies; Generations; Grant; Head; Holography; Human; Incus; Information Systems; Institutes; Investigation; Joints; Labyrinth; Lasers; Lead; Length; Lighting; Location; Malleus; Massachusetts; Measurement; Measures; Mechanics; Motion; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Pathologic; Pattern; Perforation; Phase; Positioning Attribute; Procedures; Progress Reports; Property; Publications; Rattus; Reporting; Resistance; Resolution; Rest; Shapes; Short Waves; Stapes; Stimulus; Structure; Surface; System; Techniques; Testing; Thick; Travel; Tympanic Membrane Perforation; Tympanic membrane; Ultrasonography; Variant; Work; base; design; hearing impairment; improved; manubrium; middle ear; middle ear disorder; miniaturize; optical fiber; pressure; public health relevance; reconstruction; response; sound; sound frequency; theories; transmission process; vibration

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The tympanic membrane (TM) (or eardrum) is the initial structure in the middle-ear's acoustic-mechanical transformation of environmental sounds to sound within the inner ear. While there are many hypotheses of how the TM couples sound to the rest of the ear, there is little data to test these hypotheses. In the past three years we have used newly developed laser holography techniques to measure the magnitude and phase of sound-induced motions of the TM surface in a number of mammalian species. The results of those measurements suggest that TM motions can be well described by a summation of a few types of motion, including: relatively long-wavelength modal (2D standing-wave) motions and relatively short wavelength traveling waves. This grant will first test the generality of this simple description across a broad range of sound frequencies and middle-ear types, and use spatial variations in the velocity of the traveling waves to compare the mechanical properties of different anatomically identifiable locations of the TM in multiple mammalian species. Next, these data will be compared to simultaneously gathered laser-vibrometer measurements of sound-induced ossicular motion in order to test the popular theory that delays associated with wave-travel on the TM contribute to delays in sound-conduction through the middle ear. Additional TM surface and ossicular motion measurements made with modified and artificial ear canals test a second theory by determining whether the location and orientation of the TM within the ear canal contribute to sound- induced surface waves on the TM and delays in ossicular motion. Several other theories of how perforations affect TM motion and middle-ear sound transfer will be tested by measurements of the sound-induced motion of the TM and ossicles before and after controlled perforations and slits in the TM. Finally, we apply our techniques to assess how a common middle-ear reconstruction technique, the use of thin cartilage sheets on the TM, affects both TM and ossicular motion. A surprising preliminary result that requires further investigation is that the placement of cartilage sheets can greatly reduce traveling waves on the TM while producing little change in ossicular motion. If generally true, this result implies that the traveling waves we see on the TM are not relevant to sound transfer through the middle ear. Such a result would suggest that long-wave-length modal displacements of the TM, which are less affected by the cartilage, determine TM function, and refute theories that complex interactions of multiple short-wave-length responses drive the TM's response to higher frequency sounds. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Disorders of the eardrum and middle ear are some of the most common causes of hearing loss, and procedures to eliminate middle-ear disease and reconstruct middle-ear function are the most common surgeries performed by otologists. The work proposed will better define the function of the normal and pathologic eardrum and can lead to improvements in reconstructing the eardrum.

说明(申请人提供)：鼓膜(TM)(或鼓膜)是中耳将环境声音转化为内耳声音的声学-机械转换的初始结构。虽然有许多关于TM夫妇在其他人耳中听起来如何的假设，但几乎没有数据来检验这些假设。在过去的三年里，我们使用最新发展的激光全息技术测量了许多哺乳动物的TM表面在声音诱导下运动的幅度和相位。这些测量结果表明，TM运动可以用几种运动类型的总和来很好地描述，包括相对长波长的模式(2D驻波)运动和相对短波长的行波运动。这项资助将首先测试这一简单描述在广泛的声音频率和中耳类型中的一般性，并使用行波速度的空间变化来比较多种哺乳动物物种中TM的不同解剖可识别位置的机械特性。接下来，将把这些数据与同时收集的激光振动仪测量的声音诱导的听骨运动进行比较，以检验流行的理论，即与TM上的波传播相关的延迟导致通过中耳的声音传导延迟。用改良和人工耳道进行的额外的TM表面和听骨运动测量，通过确定TM在耳道内的位置和方向是否有助于TM上的声诱导表面波和听骨运动的延迟来检验第二种理论。关于穿孔如何影响TM运动和中耳声音传递的其他几种理论将通过测量TM和听小骨在TM中受控穿孔和缝隙前后的声音诱导运动来进行测试。最后，我们应用我们的技术来评估一种常见的中耳重建技术，即在TM上使用薄软骨片，如何影响TM和听骨运动。一个需要进一步研究的令人惊讶的初步结果是，软骨片的放置可以极大地减少TM上的行波，同时对听骨运动几乎没有影响。如果大体上是真的，这个结果意味着我们在TM上看到的行波与通过中耳的声音传输无关。这样的结果表明，TM的长波模位移决定了TM的功能，并驳斥了多个短波长反应的复杂相互作用驱动TM对高频声音反应的理论，因为TM受软骨的影响较小。 公共卫生相关性：鼓膜和中耳疾病是导致听力损失的一些最常见的原因，而消除中耳疾病和重建中耳功能的手术是耳科医生最常见的手术。建议的工作将更好地确定正常和病理鼓膜的功能，并可能导致鼓膜重建的改进。