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The paradox of medieval Scotland: social relationships and identities before the wars of independence

中世纪苏格兰的悖论：独立战争之前的社会关系和身份

基本信息

批准号：
AH/E008348/1
负责人：
Dauvit Broun
金额：
$ 80.2万
依托单位：
University of Glasgow
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=AH%2FE008348%2F1
关键词：
paradox medieval Scotland social relationships

项目摘要

Rees Davies observed of Scotland that 'paradoxically, the most extensively English-settled and Anglicised part of the British Isles was the country which retained its political independence' (The First English Empire, 170). The kingdom was becoming more self-consciously Scottish, yet its history has been seen in terms of native distinctiveness being eroded by English immigration and the Europeanisation or Anglicisation of social institutions and culture. The transformation of the Scottish kingdom into a single country and people was obviously not based on the spread of a distinctive language and culture. How then did the social identities and interrelationships of individuals in Scottish society change in the period 1093/1286? How should we conceive of this transformation, particularly as relating to the issues of ethnicity, social and institutional development, the adoption of charters, changes in law, custom and culture?The Prosopography of Medieval Scotland (PoMS), a database incorporating all available evidence on all individuals in the Scottish kingdom between 1093 and 1286, will enable the researchers to shed unprecedented light on this paradox. Areas to be explored as part of the project include Scotland as a unique test case in the processes of Europeanization, how we should understand lordship and landholding in the wake of Susan Reynold's critique of feudalism, a re-examination of ethnicity in medieval Scotland, and the treatment of Gaelic personal names in new documentary contexts. Particular methodological issues will be tackled (i) in an online book offering critical assessment of charters, covering topics such as the archival dimension, the adoption of charters by laity, the earliest charters for Scotland north of the Forth, episcopal charters before 1250, and the diplomatic of private charters; and (ii) a book/pamphlet providing a critical appraisal of the treatment of Gaelic names, using the unrivalled corpus of names in the royal genealogy in Ralph of Diss's Ymagines Historiarum in its two earliest manuscripts as a control.Symposia will be held at Glasgow and London, in addition to a dedicated panel at IMC Leeds 2010 and a conference to be held in Glasgow. The research results will be disseminated through an edited volume based on the symposia and conference, illustrating how the database informs our understanding of the key issues, as well as through a book for students, The Founding of Scotland, 1100/1295, contextualising the main themes of the paradox of medieval Scotland within a general history (contracted by Dr Broun to be published by Blackwell's).The PoMS database will be based on a corpus of circa 4500 contemporary charter texts, made in the names of kings, bishops, abbots, earls, barons, knights, burgesses and others, and will include a searchable calendar of these documents. This exhaustive resource will be augmented with the extant chronicles, exchequer rolls and English material on Scottish society. This will enable access to details on all individuals known to have lived in Scotland in the 12th and 13th centuries, and will facilitate instantaneous data on family and household connections, landholding, links to the royal court, naming patterns, status, name-forms and other vital information. This database will have a transformative effect on academic research on medieval Scotland, as well as providing a unique case study on broader issues of concern to medievalists of all disciplines, including ethnicity, feudalism, Anglicisation and Europeanization. Beyond academia, the database will be useful for key stakeholders, such as libraries, archives, museums and schools, and the needs of all of these users are being incorporated into the design. Not only scholars in the UK and beyond, but also students, teachers, family historians, librarians will all have unprecedented access to Scotland's earliest documentary corpus and a window on the people and the paradox of medieval Scotland.

里斯·戴维斯（Rees Davies）对苏格兰的评论是：“矛盾的是，不列颠群岛上最广泛的英国人定居和英国化的部分是保持政治独立的国家”（《第一个英格兰帝国》，第170页）。王国变得更加自觉的苏格兰，但它的历史一直被视为本土的独特性被英国移民和社会制度和文化的欧洲化或英国化所侵蚀。苏格兰王国转变为一个单一的国家和民族，显然不是基于一种独特的语言和文化的传播。那么，在1093年至1286年期间，苏格兰社会中个人的社会身份和相互关系是如何变化的呢？我们应如何看待这种转变，特别是在涉及种族、社会和体制发展、通过宪章、法律、习俗和文化变革等问题时？中世纪苏格兰的人相学（PoMS）是一个数据库，包含了1093年至1286年间苏格兰王国所有个人的所有可用证据，将使研究人员能够对这一悖论进行前所未有的研究。作为该项目的一部分，将探索的领域包括苏格兰作为欧洲化过程中的一个独特的测试案例，我们应该如何理解在苏珊·德霍尔德对封建主义的批判之后的领主和土地所有权，重新审视中世纪苏格兰的种族，以及在新的纪录片背景下对盖尔人姓名的处理。具体的方法论问题将得到解决（一）在一本在线书籍中提供对宪章的批判性评估，涵盖的主题包括档案层面、俗人对宪章的采用、福斯以北苏格兰最早的宪章、1250年之前的主教宪章以及私人宪章的外交;以及（ii）一本书/小册子，对盖尔语地名的处理进行批判性评价，以拉尔夫·迪斯的《历史上的想象》（Ymagines Historiarum）两部最早的手稿中的皇家家谱中无与伦比的名字作为对照。研讨会将在格拉斯哥和伦敦，除了在IMC利兹2010年的一个专门小组和一个会议将在格拉斯哥举行。研究结果将通过基于专题讨论会和会议的编辑卷传播，说明数据库如何告知我们对关键问题的理解，以及通过学生书籍，苏格兰的建立，1100/1295，将中世纪苏格兰悖论的主要主题置于一般历史中PoMS数据库将基于大约4500个当代宪章文本的语料库，这些文本以国王、主教、修道院院长、伯爵、男爵、骑士、市民和其他人的名义制作，并将包括这些文件的可搜索日历。这一详尽的资源将与现存的编年史，国库名册和苏格兰社会的英语材料增加。这将使人们能够获得12世纪和13世纪在苏格兰生活过的所有人的详细资料，并将有助于获得有关家庭和住户关系、土地所有权、与皇家宫廷的联系、命名模式、地位、姓名形式和其他重要信息的即时数据。该数据库将对中世纪苏格兰的学术研究产生变革性的影响，并为所有学科的中世纪主义者所关注的更广泛的问题提供独特的案例研究，包括种族，封建主义，英国化和欧洲化。除学术界外，该数据库还将对图书馆、档案馆、博物馆和学校等主要利益攸关方有用，所有这些用户的需求都将纳入设计之中。不仅英国及其他地区的学者，学生、教师、家庭历史学家、图书馆员也将前所未有地接触到苏格兰最早的文献语料库，并成为了解中世纪苏格兰人民和矛盾的窗口。