School curriculum reform and the Scottish War of Independence: a collaboration between Education Scotland and the University of Glasgow

苏格兰教育局是苏格兰政府机构，负责支持和监督苏格兰学校的教学。这项合作旨在改变苏格兰教育的教师和学习者的材料在苏格兰历史的关键时期，英格兰的爱德华一世在1296年征服苏格兰和罗伯特布鲁斯的胜利在班诺克本战役在1314年之间。超过90%的苏格兰学生在15岁之前学习这一主题。教育苏格兰热衷于制定一种方法，以推进苏格兰2010年引入的课程改革。灵活性是这一改革的核心，允许教师选择与其所照顾的学生最相关的材料。只有通过为各级学校提供适当的资源，才能充分发挥这一新方法的潜力。目前，苏格兰独立战争中没有这样的情况。苏格兰教育部认识到，“中世纪苏格兰人”数据库（www.poms.ac.uk）是最近由澳大利亚人权委员会资助的一个项目的主要成果（见下文），有可能被用来创造足够规模的资源，将苏格兰独立战争的教学从早年转变到15岁。因此，全国各地的学习者和教师将能够通过一系列的视角来看待这个话题，而不是局限于华莱士和布鲁斯以及他们的战斗的陈腐叙述。其目的是让学习者和教师能够获得战争期间数十个人或团体的信息。这将使他们能够通过自己的本地视角探索战争，并通过来自各行各业的个人和团体的各种经验来接近战争。通过这种方式，后续项目将从“中世纪苏格兰人”（PoMS）数据库的研究中带来新的见解和工具。这只能通过研究人员和教师的合作来实现。其目的是，研究助理，由研究管理员的支持，将提供大量的基于源的材料，然后可以通过调整从教师在审查日的反馈的基础上，为课堂。然后，教师将在工作坊中使用这些材料，为15岁以下的所有级别创建“学习之旅”。“学习之旅”比课程计划更广泛，更灵活。它们提供问题和提示，使学习者能够以适合其特定水平的方式探索材料。这为教师留出了足够的灵活性，以决定如何最好地在自己的课堂上部署资源。学生和教师将在苏格兰教育部的免费学校内联网（“GLOW”）上访问学习之旅和随附的基于源代码的材料。该项目的高潮是在GLOW上创建一个专业学习社区，致力于在课堂上维护和开发这些材料。该项目的直接受益者是学生和教师，他们将拥有一个广泛的和灵活的材料机构，专为他们的使用，并基于创新的研究证明质量。教育苏格兰也将受益于拥有一个资源，展示改革后的课程的全部潜力，以满足个别学校和地方的需要和利益。从长远来看，该项目有可能挑战以“勇敢的心”为代表的苏格兰独立战争的简单方法的文化霸权。通过向90%的学生提供对苏格兰历史这一关键时期的各种经历的更广泛的理解，该项目有可能减少对独立战争的粗糙观点的影响，并从长远来看改变战争对苏格兰人意义的性质。

Education Scotland is the Scottish Government agency responsible for supporting and monitoring teaching in Scottish schools. This collaboration aims to transform Education Scotland's material for teachers and learners on a pivotal period of Scottish History, between Edward I of England's conquest of Scotland in 1296 and Robert Bruce's victory at the Battle of Bannockburn in 1314. Over 90 % of schoolchildren in Scotland study this topic by age 15. Education Scotland is keen to develop an approach that will advance the reform of the curriculum introduced in Scotland in 2010. Flexibility is at the heart of this reform, allowing teachers to choose material that is most relevant to the learners in their care. The full potential of this new approach can only be achieved by providing appropriate resources across all levels of schooling. Nothing like this is currently available for the Scottish War of Independence. Education Scotland has recognised that the 'People of Medieval Scotland' database (www.poms.ac.uk), a major outcome of a recent AHRC-funded project (see below), has the potential to be used to create resources on a sufficient scale to transform the teaching of the Scottish War of Independence from early years to age 15. As a result, learners and teachers across the country will be able to view the topic through a range of perspectives, rather than being restricted to the well worn narrative of Wallace and Bruce and their battles. The aim is to give learners and teachers access to information on scores of individuals or groups during the War. This will allow them to explore the War through their own local perspective, and to approach the War through the varied experiences of individuals and groups from different walks of life. In this way, the Follow-On project will bring new insights and tools from the research of the 'People of Medieval Scotland' (PoMS) database into the classroom. This can only be achieved through the collaboration of researchers and teachers. The aim is that the Research Associate, supported by the Research Administrator, will provide a mass of source-based material that can then by adapted for the classroom on the basis of feedback from teachers in Review Days. Teachers will then use this material in Workshops to create 'learning journeys' for all levels up to age 15. 'Learning journeys' are broader and more flexible than lesson plans. They provide questions and prompts that enable learners to explore a body of material in a way that is appropriate for their particular level. This leaves enough flexibility for the teacher to decide how best to deploy the resource in their own classroom. The learning journeys and accompanying source-based material will be accessed by learners and teachers on Education Scotland's free intranet for schools ('GLOW').The project culminates in the creation of a Professional Learning Community of teachers on GLOW committed to sustaining and developing this material in the classroom.The immediate beneficiaries of the project are learners and teachers, who will have a wideranging and flexible body of material designed specifically for their use, and based on innovative research of proven quality. Education Scotland will also benefit from having a resource that demonstrates the full potential of the reformed curriculum to meet the needs and interests of individual schools and localities. In the longer term the project has the potential to challenge the cultural hegemony of the simple approach to the Scottish War of Independence typified by 'Braveheart'. By offering a broader understanding of the varied experience of this pivotal period of Scottish history to 90% of schoolchildren, the project has the potential to reduce the impact of the cruder views of the War of Independence, and change the nature of the War's significance for Scots in the longer term.