Silver Encapsulated Magnetic Nanoparticles for Pathogen Inactivation in Platelets

描述(申请人提供)：该第一阶段项目的目标是证明将众所周知并被接受的抗菌金属银化合物与磁性纳米颗粒相结合的可行性，并对其在细胞血液产品(如血小板)中的细菌灭活效果进行初步评估。Lynntech与德克萨斯州休斯敦的M.D.安德森癌症中心和纽约大学宾厄姆顿分校合作，将合成这些银包覆的磁性纳米颗粒(Ag-MP)，这些纳米颗粒可以在细菌灭活过程后从血小板中完全回收。我们用添加了细菌的血小板和肉汤的初步数据表明，革兰氏阳性和阴性细菌以及需氧和厌氧细菌都可以被灭活。根据国家血液数据资源中心的数据，美国每年大约有1390万单位的全血被捐献。血液产品的市场规模超过100亿美元，而且还在不断增长。全球每年有超过9000万单位的献血量，因此对提高血液制品安全性的方法的需求非常重要。与感染预防节省相关的经济影响也是巨大的(当病例被视为医院感染时，估计每年的成本从2.96亿美元到23亿美元不等)。在现代医学中，血小板是非常重要的；然而，它们非常容易受到细菌的污染，并且它们的保质期很短。血小板的细菌污染是输血传播感染导致流动性和死亡率的主要原因。据估计，血小板细菌污染率的发生频率为1：2,000-1：3,000个血小板单位。接受受细菌污染的血小板的风险比与输血相关的艾滋病毒、乙肝和丙型肝炎以及人类T细胞白血病(HTLV I/II)病毒感染的风险总和高出50到250倍。为了对抗血液成分中的微生物污染而开发的新化合物已经开发出来，并在威慑感染方面显示出轻微的效果；然而，这些方法使用了添加的诱变和潜在的致癌化学物质，这些化学物质改变了微生物的遗传组成。这些化学物质的残留量可以留在输血产品中，然后再进行输血。在某些情况下，这些化学物质可能会与产品本身相互作用，潜在地改变其特性。这一阶段的主要目标是开发一种能够应对上述挑战的杀菌剂。这项技术为更好地管理每年影响数百万美国人的血小板供应提供了机会，特别是通过输注受污染的血小板来预防细菌相关感染和败血症。考虑到延长血小板保质期和改善感染预防的市场规模和相关节省，经济影响也是巨大的。一旦开发出来，该产品还可以扩展用于其他血液产品成分和其他医疗灭菌应用，如水消毒、感染的手术伤口、创伤和烧伤伤口等。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this Phase I project is to demonstrate the feasibility of combining the well known and accepted antimicrobial metallic silver compound with magnetic nanoparticles and perform preliminary evaluation of its efficacy in bacterial inactivation in cellular blood product, such as platelets. Lynntech, in collaboration with M.D. Anderson Cancer Center in Houston, TX and The University of New York at Binghamton, will synthesis these silver coated magnetic nanoparticles (Ag-MP), which can be completely retrieved from platelets after the bacterial inactivation process. Our preliminary data with bacteria spiked blood platelets and broth have shown that both Gram positive and negative bacteria as well as aerobic and anaerobic bacteria can be inactivated. According to the National Blood Data Resource Center, about 13.9 million units of whole blood are donated in the United States each year. The market for blood products is over $ 10 billion and growing. With more than 90 million units of blood donated world-wide every year, the need for methods to improve the safety of blood products is truly significant. The economic impact associated with the savings from infection prevention is also enormous (when cases are considered as nosocomial infections, the estimated annual cost range from $296 million to $2.3 billion). Blood platelets are very important in modern medicine; however, they are very prone to bacterial contamination and their short-term shelf-life. Bacterial contamination of platelets is the leading cause of mobility and mortality from a transfusion-transmitted infection. Bacterial contamination rates for platelets have been estimated to occur at a frequency of 1:2,000 - 1:3,000 platelet units. The risk of receiving a bacterially contaminated platelet is 50 to 250 times higher than the combined risk of transfusion- related infections from HIV, hepatitis B and C, and human T cell leukemia (HTLV I/II) viruses. New compounds developed to counter microbial contamination in blood components have been developed and showed slight efficacy in deterring infections; however, these methods employ the addition of mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic chemicals that alter the genetic makeup of the microbes. Residual amounts of these chemicals can remain within the transfusion product and then be transfused. In some cases, these chemicals may interact with the product itself, potentially changing its character. The main objective of this Phase I is to develop a bactericide that will address the above challenges. This technology provides an opportunity for better management of the platelet supply affecting millions of Americans annually, specifically for preventing bacterial related infections and sepsis through transfusion of contaminated platelets. The economic impact is also enormous considering the market size and associated savings from prolonging platelet shelf life and improving infection prevention. Once developed, the product can also be expanded for use with other blood product components and other medical sterilization applications such as water sterilization, infected surgical incisions, trauma and burn wounds, etc.