Project 2- Radiation Biology

在放射生物学计划的重点是在其中放射治疗的有效性， 增加局部肿瘤控制和癌症患者的存活。三种不同的方法正在 为实现这一目标而进行的努力：1）开发药理学和生物制剂，以联合收割机与 放疗和化疗以改善局部肿瘤控制并防止转移扩散。（二） 开发新的方法和临床试验来管理放射治疗。3)的识别 影响肿瘤对放疗或联合化疗反应的遗传决定因素 和辐射，使用酵母和哺乳动物遗传学。项目成员的研究得出了一个 一系列重要的发现，包括缺氧对干细胞分化的调节， 鉴定肿瘤缺氧的血清生物标志物，开发针对癌症的缺氧特异性细胞毒素 治疗，识别对DNA修复和适应压力至关重要的新基因，定义 p53在整体基因组DNA修复中的作用，建立小鼠模型以剖析p53的作用 反式激活和p53靶基因在体内应激反应中的作用，放射外科治疗胰腺癌的应用， 癌症，肝癌，肺癌和前列腺癌，并开发分子和功能成像技术， 指导放射治疗的实施。代表医学院的23名项目成员和 人文与科学学院生物科学系的积极性很高， 开发新的靶向治疗方法，将联合收割机与放射治疗相结合，并得到两个 计划项目赠款和430万美元的NCI资金。在过去的五年里，该计划的成员 发表论文188篇。在癌症中心的支持下，放射生物学在肿瘤中的作用 免疫、干细胞募集和分化以及功能成像将得到进一步发展 并且扩大了。特别是，癌症中心将极大地帮助翻译许多基于实验室的 研究结果，以提高放射治疗的有效性进入临床。

The Program in Radiation Biology is focused on ways in which the effectiveness of radiotherapy can increase local tumor control and survival of cancer patients. Three different approaches are being pursued to achieve this goal: 1) Development of pharmacologic and biologic agents to combine with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve local tumor control and prevent metastatic spread. 2) Development of new approaches and clinical trials to administer radiotherapy. 3) The identification of genetic determinants that influence the tumor response to radiation or the combination of chemotherapy and radiation using yeast and mammalian genetics. The research of program members has resulted in a series of important findings that include the regulation of stem cell differentiation by hypoxia, identifying a serum biomarker for tumor hypoxia, developing hypoxic specific cytotoxins for cancer therapy, identifying new genes that are essential for DNA repair and adaptation to stress, defining the role of p53 in global genomic DNA repair, generation of mouse models to dissect the role of p53 transactivation and p53 target genes in in vivo stress responses, the use of radiosurgery to treat pancreatic cancer, liver, lung and prostate cancer, and developing molecular and functional imaging techniques to direct the delivery of radiotherapy. The 23 program members representing the School of Medicine and Department of Biological Sciences in the School of Humanities and Sciences are highly motivated to develop new targeted therapeutics to combine with radiotherapy and are well supported by two program project grants and $4.3 million in NCI funding. During the last five years, the program members published 188 papers. With the support of the Cancer Center, the role of Radiation Biology in tumor immunity, stem cell recruitment and differentiation, and functional imaging will be further developed and expanded. In particular, the Cancer Center will greatly aid in translating many of the laboratorybased findings to increase the effectiveness of radiotherapy into the clinic.