Radiation Biology

放射生物学

• 批准号: 8180970
• 负责人: Amato J. Giaccia
• 金额: $ 1.74万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2010-09-15 至 2015-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8180970
• 关键词: Affect; Anaerobic Bacteria; Antineoplastic Agents; Area; Benzotriazines; Biological Markers; Blood Tests; Brain; Cancer Center; Cancer Patient; Cancerous; Cell Death; Cell Survival; Cells; Clinic; Clinical; Clinical Research; Clinical Trials; Clostridium; Combination Drug Therapy; Combined Modality Therapy; Cytotoxin; DNA Damage; DNA Repair; Deposition; Development; Dose; Drosophila genus; Drug Delivery Systems; Effectiveness; Enzymes; Family; Functional Imaging; Future; Gene Expression; Gene Targeting; Generations; Genes; Genetic Determinism; Goals; Grant; Growth; Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma; Head and neck structure; Humanities; Hypoxia; Imaging Techniques; Intensity-Modulated Radiotherapy; Laboratories; Laboratory Finding; Lesion; Liver; Lung; Malignant neoplasm of prostate; Mammalian Genetics; Medical center; Metabolism; Molecular; Natural regeneration; Necrosis; Neoplasm Metastasis; Normal tissue morphology; Organ; Oxides; Oxygen; Oxygen measurement, partial pressure, arterial; Pancreas; Pancreatic carcinoma; Pathway interactions; Patients; Peer Review; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Phase I/II Trial; Phase III Clinical Trials; Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases; Physiology; Prodrugs; Protocols documentation; Protons; Quality of life; Radiation; Radiation therapy; Radiobiology; Radiosurgery; Relapse; Research; Research Training; Role; Schools; Science; Series; Signal Pathway; Signal Transduction; Solid Neoplasm; Stress; Subgroup; System; TP53 gene; Testing; Therapeutic Uses; Tissues; Toxic effect; Translating; Treatment Effectiveness; Universities; Yeasts; base; biological adaptation to stress; cancer therapy; chemotherapy; design; efficacy testing; improved; in vivo; medical schools; member; mouse model; neoplastic cell; new technology; novel; novel strategies; outcome forecast; prevent; programs; response; therapeutic development; transcription factor; tumor; tumor growth

The Program in Radiation Biology is focused on ways in which the effectiveness of radiotherapy can increase local tumor control and survival of cancer patients. Three different approaches are being pursued to achieve this goal: 1) Develop pharmacologic and biologic agents to combine with radiotherapy and chemotherapy to improve local tumor control and prevent metastatic spread; 2) Design new approaches to administer radiotherapy or combined modality therapy to test in clinical trials; 3) Identify genetic determinants using yeast and mammalian genetics that influence the response of tumors to radiation or the combination of chemotherapy and radiation. The research of program members has resulted in a series of important findings that include the identification of Prl-3 (phosphatase of regenerating liver-3) as a p53 target gene, the identification of the molecular pathways that give rise to intercellular polarity, developing new hypoxic-specific cytotoxins for cancer therapy, identifying new genes that are essential for adaptation to stress that are essential for metastasis, elucidating the signaling pathways that integrate DNA damage recognition, checkpoint signaling and DNA repair, generation of mouse models to study in vivo stress responses and targeted therapy, expanding the use of hypofractionated radiosurgery to treat solid tumors, developing new approaches to generate protons for therapeutic use and developing molecular and functional imaging techniques to direct the delivery of radiotherapy. The 26 program members representing the School of Medicine and the School of Humanities and Sciences are supported by peer-reviewed research and training grants totaling $6,826,435, including 16 R01s, 2P01s, 2 T32s. The members of this program are highly motivated and interactive in their goal to take fundamental discoveries in the laboratory and develop them to increase the efficacy of radiotherapy to control tumor growth and metastasis.

在放射生物学计划的重点是在其中放射治疗的有效性， 增加局部肿瘤控制和癌症患者的存活。三种不同的方法正在 追求实现这一目标：1）开发药理学和生物制剂，以联合收割机与 放疗和化疗以改善局部肿瘤控制并防止转移扩散; 2)设计新的方法来管理放射治疗或综合治疗，以在临床上进行测试 试验; 3）使用酵母和哺乳动物遗传学识别影响反应的遗传决定因素 放疗或化疗和放疗的结合。 项目成员的研究产生了一系列重要的发现，包括 Prl-3（再生肝磷酸酶-3）作为p53靶基因的鉴定， 产生细胞间极性的分子途径，开发新的缺氧特异性细胞毒素 对于癌症治疗，识别对于适应压力至关重要的新基因，这些基因对于 转移，阐明整合DNA损伤识别，检查点， 信号传导和DNA修复，产生小鼠模型来研究体内应激反应和靶向 治疗，扩大使用低分割放射外科治疗实体瘤，开发新的 产生用于治疗用途的质子以及开发分子和功能成像的方法 指导放射治疗的技术。代表学校的26名项目成员 医学和人文与科学学院得到同行评审研究的支持， 培训赠款共计6，826，435美元，包括16个R 01，2个P01，2个T32。该计划的成员是 他们的目标是在实验室中进行基础性的发现， 开发它们以增加放射治疗的功效，从而控制肿瘤生长和转移。