Increasing Attention to Smoking Risk Messages

日益关注吸烟风险信息

• 批准号: 7499052
• 负责人: ISAAC M LIPKUS
• 金额: $ 32.86万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-21 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7499052
• 关键词: Abstinence; Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Baseline Surveys; Cigarette; Cognitive; Communication; Computer information processing; Computers; Condition; Control Groups; Data; Disease; Feedback; Future; Goals; Health; Health Campaign; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Procedures; Learning; Location; Materials Testing; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Motivation; Numbers; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Performance; Persuasive Communication; Play; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Rate; Reaction; Resistance; Risk; Role; Self Efficacy; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Staging; Surveys; Testing; Thinking; Time; Tobacco; Universities; Week; Work; anti-smoking; college; day; design; desire; emotional reaction; follow-up; prevent; smoking cessation; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The central argument put forth in this proposal is that smokers' perception that they are knowledgeable about smoking-related harms plays a central role at two stages critical to communications about the harms of smoking: a) motivation to attend to and elaborate upon the information, and b) the acceptance or rejection of the information. We argue that smokers who view themselves as highly knowledgeable about the harms of smoking, which is how most smokers see themselves, have little motivation to seek out and process information about the risks of smoking. Hence, we test whether reducing smokers'perceived knowledge of smoking risks will increase attention to and processing of messages about the harms of smoking. We further propose that perceived knowledge can increase the acceptance or rejection of information via either objective (i.e., critical but unbiased) or defensive processing of information. Which process occurs is hypothesized to be moderated by smokers' perceived self-efficacy. We predict that smokers with low self-efficacy will react more defensively to communications about smoking risks than smokers with high self-efficacy, especially among those who perceive themselves as very knowledgeable. Proposed is a three-group randomized design consisting of 300 university smokers between the ages of 18-24 who smoke > 5 cigarettes/day and 300 adults smokers ages 21 and older. Smokers will complete a baseline survey assessing their perceived knowledge of the risks of smoking, self-efficacy, perceived risks and worry for smoking-related harms, and desire to quit. Two weeks after baseline, at a campus location, smokers will be randomized to take either an easy or difficult test intended to measure participants' "global knowledge" about smoking-related risks or to a . no-test control group. The two tested groups only will get veridical feedback indicating they did poorly on the test (difficult test, low perceived knowledge condition) or well (easy test, high perceived knowledge condition). All smokers will then review information on computer about risks of smoking. We will assess participants' reactions to the information (e.g., extent and favorability of cognitive responding, emotional reactions) and how these reactions affect perceptions of risk and worry for smoking-related diseases. They will be surveyed one and four months after the laboratory procedures to determine the stability of perceptions of risks, worry, knowledge, and importantly, any steps taken towards cessation (e.g., quit attempts, amount smoked, and actual cessation).

描述（由申请人提供）：该提案中提出的核心论点是，吸烟者对与吸烟有关的危害知识渊博的看法在对吸烟危害的两个阶段中起着核心作用：我们认为，人们认为自己对吸烟的危害非常了解的吸烟者，这就是大多数吸烟者看到自己的方式，几乎没有动力寻找吸烟风险的信息。因此，我们测试减少吸烟者对吸烟风险的了解是否会增加对吸烟危害的信息的关注和处理。我们进一步建议，感知的知识可以通过目标（即批判但公正）或信息的防御处理来增加信息的接受或拒绝。假设发生哪些过程是通过吸烟者的自我效能感来调节的。我们预测，自我效能低下的吸烟者比具有高度自我效能感的吸烟者对吸烟风险的沟通反应更大，尤其是在那些认为自己非常有知识的人中。拟议的是一种三组随机设计，由300名年龄在18-24岁之间吸烟的大学吸烟者和21岁以上吸烟者吸烟。吸烟者将完成一项基线调查，评估他们对吸烟，自我效能感，感知的风险和对吸烟有关的危害和戒烟的渴望的感知知识的了解。基线两周后，在校园地点，吸烟者将被随机进行轻松或困难的测试，以衡量参与者关于吸烟相关风险或A的“全球知识”。无测试对照组。这两个经过测试的组只会得到垂直的反馈，表明他们在测试中的表现不佳（难度测试，感知度低）或井（易于测试，高感知的知识条件）。然后，所有吸烟者都会查看有关吸烟风险的计算机信息。我们将评估参与者对信息的反应（例如，认知反应的程度和有利性，情绪反应），以及这些反应如何影响对吸烟相关疾病的风险和担忧。将在实验室程序进行一到四个月的调查中，以确定风险，忧虑，知识以及重要的是暂停的任何步骤（例如，戒烟，吸烟和实际停止）的稳定性。

项目成果

Facilitating consumer clinical information seeking by maintaining referential context: evaluation of a prototypic approach.

通过维护参考上下文促进消费者临床信息寻求：原型方法的评估。

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium
• 作者: Lobach,DavidF;Waters,Andrew;Silvey,GarryM;Clark,ShellyJ;Kalyanaraman,Sri;Kawamoto,Kensaku;Lipkus,Isaac
• 通讯作者: Lipkus,Isaac