Increasing Attention to Smoking Risk Messages

日益关注吸烟风险信息

• 批准号: 7499052
• 负责人: ISAAC M LIPKUS
• 金额: $ 32.86万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-21 至 2011-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7499052
• 关键词: Abstinence; Adult; Affect; Age; Attention; Baseline Surveys; Cigarette; Cognitive; Communication; Computer information processing; Computers; Condition; Control Groups; Data; Disease; Feedback; Future; Goals; Health; Health Campaign; Intervention; Knowledge; Laboratories; Laboratory Procedures; Learning; Location; Materials Testing; Measures; Mediating; Methods; Motivation; Numbers; Outcome; Participant; Perception; Performance; Persuasive Communication; Play; Prevalence; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Rate; Reaction; Resistance; Risk; Role; Self Efficacy; Smoke; Smoker; Smoking; Smoking Behavior; Staging; Surveys; Testing; Thinking; Time; Tobacco; Universities; Week; Work; anti-smoking; college; day; design; desire; emotional reaction; follow-up; prevent; smoking cessation; success; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The central argument put forth in this proposal is that smokers' perception that they are knowledgeable about smoking-related harms plays a central role at two stages critical to communications about the harms of smoking: a) motivation to attend to and elaborate upon the information, and b) the acceptance or rejection of the information. We argue that smokers who view themselves as highly knowledgeable about the harms of smoking, which is how most smokers see themselves, have little motivation to seek out and process information about the risks of smoking. Hence, we test whether reducing smokers'perceived knowledge of smoking risks will increase attention to and processing of messages about the harms of smoking. We further propose that perceived knowledge can increase the acceptance or rejection of information via either objective (i.e., critical but unbiased) or defensive processing of information. Which process occurs is hypothesized to be moderated by smokers' perceived self-efficacy. We predict that smokers with low self-efficacy will react more defensively to communications about smoking risks than smokers with high self-efficacy, especially among those who perceive themselves as very knowledgeable. Proposed is a three-group randomized design consisting of 300 university smokers between the ages of 18-24 who smoke > 5 cigarettes/day and 300 adults smokers ages 21 and older. Smokers will complete a baseline survey assessing their perceived knowledge of the risks of smoking, self-efficacy, perceived risks and worry for smoking-related harms, and desire to quit. Two weeks after baseline, at a campus location, smokers will be randomized to take either an easy or difficult test intended to measure participants' "global knowledge" about smoking-related risks or to a . no-test control group. The two tested groups only will get veridical feedback indicating they did poorly on the test (difficult test, low perceived knowledge condition) or well (easy test, high perceived knowledge condition). All smokers will then review information on computer about risks of smoking. We will assess participants' reactions to the information (e.g., extent and favorability of cognitive responding, emotional reactions) and how these reactions affect perceptions of risk and worry for smoking-related diseases. They will be surveyed one and four months after the laboratory procedures to determine the stability of perceptions of risks, worry, knowledge, and importantly, any steps taken towards cessation (e.g., quit attempts, amount smoked, and actual cessation).

描述(由申请人提供)：本提案提出的中心论点是，吸烟者认为他们了解与吸烟有关的危害的看法在两个阶段发挥着核心作用，这两个阶段对宣传吸烟的危害至关重要：a)关注并详细说明信息的动机，以及b)接受或拒绝信息。我们认为，那些认为自己对吸烟的危害非常了解的吸烟者，也就是大多数吸烟者对自己的看法，几乎没有动力去寻找和处理有关吸烟风险的信息。因此，我们测试减少吸烟者对吸烟风险的感知知识是否会增加对吸烟危害信息的关注和处理。我们进一步提出，知觉知识可以通过客观的(即，批判性但无偏见的)或防御性的信息加工来增加对信息的接受或拒绝。这一过程的发生被假设为受到吸烟者感知的自我效能感的影响。我们预测，自我效能低的吸烟者会比自我效能高的吸烟者对有关吸烟风险的交流做出更具防御性的反应，特别是在那些认为自己非常有见识的吸烟者中。这是一项三组随机设计，包括300名年龄在18-24岁、每天抽5支烟的大学吸烟者和300名21岁及以上的成年吸烟者。吸烟者将完成一项基线调查，评估他们对吸烟风险、自我效能、对吸烟相关危害的感知风险和担忧以及戒烟愿望的感知知识。基线两周后，在校园地点，吸烟者将被随机安排参加一项简单或困难的测试，目的是衡量参与者对吸烟相关风险的“全球知识”或一项测试。无试验对照组。两个受试组只会得到真实的反馈，表明他们在测试中做得不好(测试困难，知觉条件低)或好(容易测试，知觉条件高)。然后，所有吸烟者都会在电脑上查看有关吸烟风险的信息。我们将评估参与者对信息的反应(例如，认知反应的程度和有利程度，情绪反应)，以及这些反应如何影响对吸烟相关疾病的风险和担忧的感知。他们将在实验室程序后1个月和4个月接受调查，以确定对风险、担忧、知识以及重要的戒烟步骤(例如，戒烟尝试、吸烟量和实际戒烟)的感知的稳定性。

项目成果

Facilitating consumer clinical information seeking by maintaining referential context: evaluation of a prototypic approach.

通过维护参考上下文促进消费者临床信息寻求：原型方法的评估。

• 发表时间: 2009
• 期刊: AMIA ... Annual Symposium proceedings. AMIA Symposium
• 作者: Lobach,DavidF;Waters,Andrew;Silvey,GarryM;Clark,ShellyJ;Kalyanaraman,Sri;Kawamoto,Kensaku;Lipkus,Isaac
• 通讯作者: Lipkus,Isaac