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Characterisation of the processes of nutrient flow from a host plant to a parasitic nematode

养分从寄主植物到寄生线虫的流动过程的表征

基本信息

批准号：
BB/D009944/1
负责人：
Peter Urwin
金额：
$ 33.77万
依托单位：
University of Leeds
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FD009944%2F1
关键词：
Characterisation processes nutrient flow host

项目摘要

Cyst nematodes are small with a length of only 0.5mm but there can be thousands of millions in one hectare of field soil. Each nematodes moves from the soil into the roots of its host crop plant. Once inside the plant it loses the ability to move and feeds at just one place. Approximately 75 % of the nematode population becomes female. Females feed for about 8 weeks growing to about 1000 times their original size and laying up to 700 eggs. They modify one plant cell. This provides all the nematode's food for several weeks. This cell is highly specialised structure and transport nutrients from the plant flow though this cell to the feeding nematode. We have identified the plant molecules that transport the essential nutrients the feeding nematode needs. This project will define how these molecules are distributed around the specialsed plant cell that gathers nutrients to supply to the nematode parasite. We will determine how the walls of this cell are changed to allow it to merge with other cells, grow in size and also support the flow of nutrients through it to the feeding nematode. We will use antibodies designed to recognise components of the cell wall to understand the structure of the wall of this cell. The nematode must ensure its feeding does not kill the plant cell from which it feeds. If that happened the nematode would die. The nematode makes a feeding tube that has holes all the way along its length, not just at the end. We will find out if this allows the nematode to feed by without damaging the internal structure of the plant cell. If the nematode took the contents of the cell through just a single hole in the feeding tube (like a straw) the cell might be badly damaged. We want to understand how these plant parasites feed from plant cells. No other animals feed in this way. Nematodes damage many crop plants throughout the world. Cyst nematodes cause losses of approximately £43 million each year just to UK potato crops. This new knowledge may help to find a way to stop the nematodes from feeding. This would protect plants from the damage they cause. Currently farmers often use pesticides that harm the environment and can damage the health of farm workers. We have shown before that new knowledge can help develop better ways of controlling nematodes in the future.

胞囊线虫体形较小，长度只有0.5毫米，但一公顷田间土壤中可能有数以万计的线虫。每种线虫从土壤移动到宿主作物的根部。一旦进入植物内部，它就失去了移动和只在一处取食的能力。大约 75% 的线虫种群变成雌性。雌性进食约 8 周后，体型会长到原来大小的 1000 倍，并产下多达 700 个卵。他们修改一个植物细胞。这为线虫提供了几周的所有食物。该细胞具有高度专业化的结构，可将植物中的营养物质通过该细胞输送至进食的线虫。我们已经确定了输送线虫所需必需营养物质的植物分子。该项目将定义这些分子如何分布在特殊的植物细胞周围，这些细胞收集营养物质以供应线虫寄生虫。我们将确定如何改变该细胞的壁，使其能够与其他细胞融合、增大尺寸并支持营养物质通过它流向摄食线虫。我们将使用旨在识别细胞壁成分的抗体来了解该细胞壁的结构。线虫必须确保其取食不会杀死它所取食的植物细胞。如果发生这种情况，线虫就会死亡。线虫制造的饲管沿其整个长度都有孔，而不仅仅是在末端。我们将了解这是否允许线虫在不破坏植物细胞内部结构的情况下进食。如果线虫仅通过饲管（如吸管）上的一个孔获取细胞内容物，则细胞可能会受到严重损坏。我们想了解这些植物寄生虫如何以植物细胞为食。没有其他动物以这种方式进食。线虫损害世界各地的许多农作物。囊肿线虫每年仅给英国马铃薯作物造成约 4300 万英镑的损失。这一新知识可能有助于找到阻止线虫进食的方法。这将保护植物免受其造成的损害。目前，农民经常使用危害环境并损害农场工人健康的农药。我们之前已经表明，新知识可以帮助开发未来更好的控制线虫的方法。