Seasonality, Environment, and Infectious Diseases

季节性、环境和传染病

• 批准号: 7230261
• 负责人: David Norman Fisman
• 金额: $ 10.14万
• 依托单位: HOSPITAL FOR SICK CHLDRN (TORONTO)
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-07-01 至 2008-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7230261
• 关键词: Acute; Address; Air; Air Pollution; Area; Behavior; Bioterrorism; Clinical; Communicable Diseases; Condition; County; Cross-Over Studies; Crossover Design; Data; Disease; Ecological Bias; Emerging Communicable Diseases; Employee Strikes; Environment; Environmental Exposure; Environmental Health; Environmental Pollutants; Environmental Risk Factor; Event; Exposure to; Face; Food; Giardia; Health Planning; Heating; Individual; Indoor Air Pollution; Insect Vectors; Institutes; Invasive; Legionella pneumophila; Lung diseases; Measures; Medical; Medical Surveillance; Methodology; Nature; Neisseria meningitidis; Outcome; Pennsylvania; Philadelphia; Physical environment; Population; Population Growth; Population Surveillance; Principal Investigator; Public Health; Rate; Research Design; Research Personnel; Risk Assessment; Role; Seasonal Variations; Seasons; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome; Source; Streptococcus pneumoniae; Stress; System; Techniques; Temperature; Time; Tobacco smoke; Virulence Factors; Water; Weather; base; climate change; drinking water; environmental change; improved; insight; interest; mathematical model; novel; pathogen; programs; simulation; syndromic surveillance; tool; weather patterns

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Objectives: The seasonality of infectious disease occurrence has been recognized since ancient times, but mechanisms underlying seasonality remain poorly defined. While environmental exposures (e.g., changes in weather or environmental pollutants) could contribute to seasonality, other mechanisms (e.g., seasonal changes in population behavior or co-occurrence of infectious diseases) might also result in seasonal disease occurrence. Current efforts to define the role of environmental exposures in infectious disease occurrence are limited by the sparse nature of public health surveillance data, and confounding of associations when aggregated exposure or outcome data are used. The case-crossover study design is a novel epidemiologic technique useful for defining causal relationships between repeated transient exposures and rare outcomes. It has proven useful in the study of environmental influences on non-infectious disease, but has not been used previously in the study of infectious diseases of public health importance. Our objectives are to: 1. better elucidate the epidemiologic relationship between acute changes in the physical environment (e.g., weather, environmental pollutants) and the occurrence of infectious diseases of public health importance. 2. define the role of case-crossover study design as a tool for study of the role of environment in communicable disease occurrence. Our specific aims include use of the case-crossover study design to determine the extent to which the seasonality of occurrence of selected infectious diseases in Philadelphia County, PA, is a result of seasonal variation in acute environmental exposures (weather patterns and air quality), and the identification of optimal control selection strategies when case-crossover design is used to study infectious diseases. The latter aim will be achieved using mathematical modeling.

描述（由申请人提供）：目的：传染病发生的季节性自古以来就被认识到，但季节性的机制仍然不明确。虽然环境暴露（例如，天气或环境污染物的变化）可能导致季节性，但其他机制（例如，人口行为的季节性变化或传染病的共同发生）也可能导致季节性疾病的发生。目前界定环境暴露在传染病发生中的作用的努力受到限制，因为公共卫生监测数据的稀疏性，以及在使用综合暴露或结果数据时混淆关联。病例交叉研究设计是一种新的流行病学技术，可用于确定反复短暂暴露与罕见结果之间的因果关系。它已被证明在研究环境对非传染性疾病的影响方面是有用的，但以前尚未用于研究具有公共卫生重要性的传染病。我们的目标是：1。更好地阐明物理环境（如天气、环境污染物）的急剧变化与具有公共卫生重要性的传染病的发生之间的流行病学关系。2. 定义病例交叉研究设计作为研究环境在传染病发生中的作用的工具的作用。我们的具体目标包括使用病例交叉研究设计来确定宾夕法尼亚州费城县选定传染病发生的季节性在多大程度上是急性环境暴露（天气模式和空气质量）的季节性变化的结果，以及在使用病例交叉设计研究传染病时确定最佳控制选择策略。后一个目标将通过数学建模来实现。