权益分类	功能权益	普通用户	{{item.name}}会员
{{category.name}}	{{benefitItem.name}}

Cell wall feedback signalling in Arabidopsis

拟南芥细胞壁反馈信号传导

基本信息

批准号：
BB/D020093/1
负责人：
Thomas Nuhse
金额：
$ 78.97万
依托单位：
University of Manchester
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2007
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2007 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FD020093%2F1
关键词：
Cell wall feedback signalling Arabidopsis

项目摘要

The cell wall surrounds plant cells like a rigid armour, limiting cell expansion while at the same time giving the plant body strength and resilience. The network of cellulose and other polysaccharides is one of the biggest investments of assimilated carbon in plants. It is also a key determinant of susceptibility to pathogens. We are beginning to understand how the different components are made, but we don't understand at all how plants sense the status of their wall, whether it is intact and whether there is the right balance of the different components. How is information on the integrity of the wall transmitted into the cell? What are the immediate responses to cell wall damage on the molecular level? And what happens to the normal growth and development of the plant if we interfere with this sensory pathway? Is there feedback control of the production of the different cell wall polysaccharides? How is cell wall sensing related to pathogen detection? Finding answers to these questions of outside-inside communication will help us to better understand the fundamental workings of a plant cell. For both plants and animals, the matrix of polysaccharides and proteins that surrounds all cells is a lot more than just glue to hold tissues together- it has a major influence on what the cells do and what they develop into as the organism grows. In animals, tumour cells that 'get out of touch' with this extracellular matrix form metastases. In yeast, with a cell wall more comparable to that of plants, the surveillance system for wall integrity is hard-wired to many developmental and stress response processes. We have much indirect evidence that this is also the case for plants, but no molecular details. I want to study in a cell culture what happens when cellulose production is blocked with a herbicide. In growing cells, this soon leads to a structural defect of the cell wall. I expect that most of the signalling response happens directly beneath the cell surface, and that much of it is based on taging proteins with phosphate -a universal signal to change a protein's activity. Getting a global view of which proteins become tagged will give me a broad understanding of what happens in the cell and how it compensates for the damage. After identifying the phosphate-tagged proteins that respond to cell wall damage, I want to use genetics to understand what the proteins do and how the wall surveillance system influences development, e.g. with plants that have one or several of the genes for these proteins deleted. I will also compare the cell wall damage response with the response to microbial signals (an ongoing project) to understand how the different sensory systems are linked. There is great interest in manipulating the composition of the cell wall, for example to enhance disease resistance, or to facilitate processing of plant material for biofuel and other industrial purposes. However, many desirable changes have a negative impact on plant growth. Frequently, this may not necessarily be because of changes in the physical stability of the wall, but because the different structure triggers an alarm. In the long term, interfering with this surveillance system to make the plants more tolerant to changes in wall structure would be a practical contribution to improving biomass crops.

细胞壁像坚硬的盔甲一样包围着植物细胞，限制细胞扩张，同时赋予植物身体力量和弹性。纤维素和其他多糖的网络是植物同化碳的最大投资之一。它也是对病原体易感性的关键决定因素。我们开始了解不同的组成部分是如何形成的，但我们根本不了解植物如何感知它们的壁的状态，它是否完好无损，以及不同组成部分之间是否存在正确的平衡。关于细胞壁完整性的信息是如何传递到细胞中的？在分子水平上细胞壁损伤的直接反应是什么？如果我们干扰了这种感觉通路，植物的正常生长和发育会发生什么？不同细胞壁多糖的生产是否有反馈控制？细胞壁传感与病原体检测有何关系？找到这些内外交流问题的答案将有助于我们更好地理解植物细胞的基本运作。对于植物和动物来说，包围所有细胞的多糖和蛋白质基质不仅仅是将组织粘合在一起的胶水-它对细胞的作用以及它们在生物体生长过程中的发展有着重大影响。在动物中，与这种细胞外基质“脱离接触”的肿瘤细胞形成转移。在酵母中，细胞壁与植物的细胞壁更相似，壁完整性的监视系统与许多发育和应激反应过程紧密相连。我们有许多间接证据表明植物也是如此，但没有分子细节。我想在细胞培养中研究当纤维素的生产被除草剂阻断时会发生什么。在生长的细胞中，这很快导致细胞壁的结构缺陷。我预计大部分信号反应直接发生在细胞表面下方，其中大部分是基于用磷酸盐标记蛋白质--改变蛋白质活性的通用信号。从整体上了解哪些蛋白质被标记将使我对细胞中发生的事情以及它如何补偿损伤有一个广泛的了解。在确定了对细胞壁损伤做出反应的磷酸盐标记蛋白质之后，我想利用遗传学来了解蛋白质的作用以及细胞壁监视系统如何影响发育，例如，植物中有一个或几个这些蛋白质的基因被删除。我还将比较细胞壁损伤反应与对微生物信号的反应（一个正在进行的项目），以了解不同的感觉系统是如何联系在一起的。人们对操纵细胞壁的组成非常感兴趣，例如，以增强抗病性，或促进植物材料的加工以用于生物燃料和其他工业目的。然而，许多理想的变化对植物生长有负面影响。通常情况下，这可能不一定是因为墙壁的物理稳定性发生了变化，而是因为不同的结构触发了警报。从长远来看，干扰这种监视系统，使植物更能耐受壁结构的变化，将是对改善生物质作物的实际贡献。