COBRE: UAF: PROJ 3: DIET NUTRITN, ATTITUDE, PRACTICE OF ALASKA NATIVE, OBESITY

本子项目是利用由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源的众多研究子项目之一。子项目和研究者（PI）可能已经从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金，因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。列出的机构是中心的，不一定是研究者的机构。饮食和体育活动是肥胖研究中的重要变量。饮食和营养知识项目（Luick， PI项目）的目标是对CANHR研究人群的饮食和体育活动习惯进行调查。设计：方法包括24小时饮食回忆（24HR）、3天饮食记录（3DFR）、简短的饮食和身体活动问卷以及计步法。所有参与者都进行了24小时的测试，但考虑到参与者的负担，3DFR和计步器是选择性提供的。结果：从556名14岁以上的参与者中收集了24HR，其中包括241名男性和315名女性。该数据库支持大多数报告的食品，尽管由于传统食品的测量单位不同寻常，数量估计具有挑战性。例如，许多鱼是整条吃的，所以据报道是长度而不是杯或盎司。制定了一套编码规则，将传统食品的报告转换为克数。平均而言，传统食物贡献了每日能量摄入的22%；然而，这一估计因年龄组而异。年轻人从传统食品中获取的饮食比例（13%）低于老年人（42%）。西化促使阿拉斯加原住民在食物来源和大量营养摄入方面发生了重大变化，既有积极的变化，也有消极的变化。饮食中传统食物占更大比例的参与者摄入了更多有益的脂肪酸、维生素a、维生素E、维生素D和铁。然而，维生素C、钙和纤维的摄入量随着传统食物摄入量的增加而减少。美国食品和药物管理局规定的人均水果和蔬菜食用量分别为每天0.6和1.1份，而汽水食用量平均为每天1.5份。据报道，消费量排名前五的食物依次为咖啡、含糖混合饮料、意大利面和白米饭、糖和蜜饯以及汽水。223名参与者的计步器记录显示，他们的体力活动水平较低，尤其是女性。未来目标：目前的工作包括出版、制定适用于研究人群的最新饮食和体育活动方案，以及制定建议。预计本次分项目的性别/少数民族组成不会有变化。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Diet and physical activity are important variables in obesity research. The objective of the Diet and Nutrition Knowledge project (Luick, project PI) is to conduct a survey of dietary and physical activity habits in the CANHR study population. Design: Methodology included 24-hour diet recalls (24HR), 3-day diet records (3DFR), a brief diet and physical activity questionnaire, and pedometry. The 24HR was conducted with all participants but, in recognition of participant burden, the 3DFR and pedometers were offered electively. Results: 24HR have been collected from 556 participants from ages 14 upwards, including 241 men and 315 women. The database supported most of the reported foods, although estimation of quantities was challenging because of the unusual units of measure for traditional foods. For example, many fish were eaten whole, so length rather than cups or ounces was reported. A set of coding rules was developed to convert reporting of traditional foods into grams. On average, traditional foods contributed 22% of daily energy intake; this estimate, however, varied significantly by age group. Youth derived a smaller proportion of their diet from traditional foods (13%) than elders (42%). Westernization has precipitated major changes in food sources and intake of numerous nutrients among Alaska Natives, both positive and negative. Participants consuming a greater proportion of their diet from traditional foods consumed more beneficial fatty acids, vitamin A, vitamin E, vitamin D, and iron. Intake of vitamin C, calcium, and fiber, however, decreased with increasing intake of traditional foods. Per capita FDA-based fruit and vegetables servings averaged 0.6/day and 1.1/day, respectively, whereas soda pop servings averaged 1.5/day. The top 5 reported foods consumed in decreasing order were coffee, sugared beverage mixes, pasta and white rice, sugar and preserves, and soda pop. Pedometer records from 223 participants indicate a low level of physical activity, especially among women. Future objectives: Current work includes publishing, developing updated diet and physical activity protocols for application in the study population, and proposal development. No changes are expected in the gender/minority composition of this subproject.