Meiosis in barley: manipulating crossover frequency and distribution (LOLA)

大麦减数分裂：操纵交叉频率和分布（LOLA）

• 批准号: BB/F020872/1
• 负责人: Claire Halpin
• 金额: $ 77.86万
• 依托单位: University of Dundee
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=BB%2FF020872%2F1
• 关键词: Meiosis; barley; manipulating; crossover; frequency

The future sustainability of UK agriculture will be dependent on the provision of new crop varieties that are able to meet future environmental and economic needs. The development of new crop varieties by plant breeding is based on harnessing the natural variation that is generated through the process of sexual reproduction and selective crossing to produce lines with novel combinations of desirable characteristics. During the formation of male and female gametes new combinations of the parental genes inherited by an individual are generated through the process of meiosis. In meiosis, homologous recombination ensures that chromosomes are accurately segregated such that each gamete gets a single complete set of chromosomes. To achieve this, transient physical links must be established between homologous pairs of parental chromosomes. This results in the reciprocal exchange of genetic information between each pair of homologous parental chromosomes, thereby generating a new combination of genes along each chromosome. Thus when male and female gametes fuse during sexual reproduction the progeny possess some characteristics of each parent and novel features that have arisen through the 'shuffling' of genes during meiotic recombination. Control of the patterns of recombination along chromosomes during meiosis in plants is therefore one of the major factors determining the outcome of plant breeding programmes. Unfortunately, it is clear that patterns of recombination can be highly skewed such that genes in some regions of the genome rarely undergo recombination. This is the case in some important grass species such as barley and wheat where it can have an adverse effect on potential breeding programmes Over the past decade studies in Arabidopsis, the model system for plant genetics, have resulted in considerable progress in our understanding of how meiosis and recombination in plants is controlled at the molecular level. Hence, this project seeks to transfer some of this knowledge to the crop plant barley and thus enable plant breeders to overcome one of the major challenges they face in the development of new varieties of this crop. This is feasible in the case of barley because we have a good understanding of barley genetics and genetic tools are in place for this crop to facilitate such a transfer. Our objectives will be to determine how meiotic recombination is controlled in barley and the basis for the skewed pattern of recombination. We will then explore strategies that could be used to manipulate the patterns of recombination that could be applied by plant breeders in their existing programmes without recourse to GM technology. If this is successful these approaches could then be applied to more complex grass crop species such as wheat and forage grasses (e.g. ryegrass) that show the same skewed distribution of recombination.

英国农业未来的可持续性将取决于提供能够满足未来环境和经济需求的新作物品种。通过植物育种开发新作物品种的基础是利用自然变异，这种变异是通过有性生殖和选择性杂交产生的，以产生具有理想特性的新组合的品系。在雌雄配子的形成过程中，个体所继承的亲本基因的新组合通过减数分裂过程产生。在减数分裂中，同源重组确保染色体被精确地分离，使得每个配子得到单个完整的染色体组。为了实现这一目标，必须在双亲染色体的同源对之间建立短暂的物理联系。这导致每对同源亲本染色体之间遗传信息的相互交换，从而沿着每条染色体产生新的基因组合沿着。因此，当雄性和雌性配子在有性生殖过程中融合时，后代具有每个亲本的一些特征和通过减数分裂重组过程中基因的“洗牌”而产生的新特征。因此，控制植物减数分裂期间沿着重组的模式是决定植物育种计划结果的主要因素之一。不幸的是，很明显，重组的模式可能是高度偏斜的，使得基因组的某些区域中的基因很少经历重组。这是在一些重要的草种，如大麦和小麦的情况下，它可能有潜在的育种计划的不利影响在过去的十年中，在拟南芥的研究，植物遗传学的模型系统，导致了相当大的进展，我们的理解如何减数分裂和重组在植物中是控制在分子水平上。因此，该项目旨在将这些知识转移到作物大麦中，从而使植物育种者能够克服他们在开发这种作物新品种时面临的主要挑战之一。这在大麦的情况下是可行的，因为我们对大麦遗传学有很好的了解，而且这种作物的遗传工具已经到位，可以促进这种转移。我们的目标是确定大麦减数分裂重组是如何控制的，以及重组的偏斜模式的基础。然后，我们将探讨可用于操纵重组模式的策略，这些重组模式可由植物育种者在其现有计划中应用，而无需求助于转基因技术。如果这是成功的，那么这些方法可以应用于更复杂的禾本科作物物种，如小麦和牧草（如黑麦草），显示出相同的偏态重组分布。

项目成果

Downregulation of Barley Regulator of Telomere Elongation Helicase 1 Alters the Distribution of Meiotic Crossovers.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.745070
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in plant science
• 影响因子: 5.6
• 作者: Barakate A;Arrieta M;Macaulay M;Vivera S;Davidson D;Stephens J;Orr J;Schreiber M;Ramsay L;Halpin C;Waugh R
• 通讯作者: Waugh R

A spontaneous mutation in MutL-Homolog 3 (HvMLH3) affects synapsis and crossover resolution in the barley desynaptic mutant

MutL-Homolog 3 (HvMLH3) 的自发突变影响大麦去突触突变体的突触和交叉分辨率

• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: NEW PHYTOLOGIST
• 影响因子: 9.4
• 作者: Colas I

Quantitative high resolution mapping of HvMLH3 foci in barley pachytene nuclei reveals a strong distal bias and weak interference.

大麦粉状核中HVMLH3焦点的定量高分辨率映射显示出强烈的远端偏见和弱干扰。

• DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ert079
• 发表时间: 2013-05
• 期刊: Journal of experimental botany
• 影响因子: 6.9
• 作者: Phillips D;Wnetrzak J;Nibau C;Barakate A;Ramsay L;Wright F;Higgins JD;Perry RM;Jenkins G
• 通讯作者: Jenkins G