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Development and application of a non-contact, depth-resolved optical skin oximeter

非接触式深度分辨光学皮肤血氧仪的研制与应用

基本信息

批准号：
EP/C520815/2
负责人：
Stephen Matcher
金额：
--
依托单位：
University of Sheffield
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2006
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2006 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FC520815%2F2
关键词：
Development application non contact depth

项目摘要

Oxygen is vital for life. Every cell in the body requires a continuous supply of oxygen or it will die. The delivery of oxygen from the lungs to cells is the most important function of the microcirculation. The skin represents the largest organ' of the body and plays a vital role in protecting the body from the outside environment. Its health is thus of critical importance to our general well-being. The skin is comprised of distinct layers. the uppermost layer is the stratum corneum and consists of dead cells. Below this lies the epidermis, about 0.1mm thick and below this is the dermis. 1-2 mm thick. The epidermis is unique in that it contains living cells but no blood vessels: to remain alive it relies totally on the passive diffusion of oxygen from elsewhere. If the supply of oxygen to the epidermis is interrupted for any reason then a serious medical condition is likely to result. Painful skin conditions such as venous ulcers. pressure ulcers (e.g. 'bed sores') or diabetic ulcers (i.e. the condition known as 'diabetic foot ) are potentially caused by disturbed oxygen transport to the epidermis. There is thus a need to measure oxygen delivery to the skin via the microcirculation.Over 50 years ago an approach was suggested that has remained of value today. The American scientist Millikan demonstrated that optical spectroscopy can measure the amount of oxygen bound to haemoglobin in blood via changes in the colour of haemoglobin. Oxygenated haemoglobin. which predominates in arterial blood, appears bright crimson whereas deoxygenated haemoglobin. more prevalent in venous blood. appears reddish-brown. Millikan used this effect to allow American bomber pilots to check that they were breathing in sufficient oxygen whilst flying at altitudes of 5-6 miles. All current instruments are of the same basic conceptual design as Millikan's instrument. Consequently they have limitations that become very restrictive when studying the skin. The microcirculation of the skin is highly structured on a depth-scale of 1 mm. but current instruments provide no direct information about the distribution of oxygenated haemoglobin with depth. The devices make physical contact with the skin. which can easily produce mechanical pressures sufficient to close off the smallest blood vessels and thus distort the measurements. Our project proposal is to use modern technology. developed over the last few years. to address these shortcomings and build a better optical skin oximeter.Our approach will apply an optical analogue of ultrasound imaging called optical coherence tomography (OCT), which has emerged over the last 12 years as the most promising new optical technique for skin imaging. Spectroscopic OCT can yield depth-resoived information about the distribution of absorbing compounds by performing OCT at a number of different wavelengths. To date, this technique has mainly been used to measure the water content of tissues, as water shows a strong absorption band between 1.3 pm and 1.55 pm. OCT light sources are commonly available at these wavelengths because they are also the wavelengths used for optical fibre communications. Spectroscopic OCT has not been attempted over the wavelength range 450 to 600 nmi ideal for measuring haemoglobin oxygenation, due to the unavailability of suitable light sources. Spectroscopic OCT at these wavelengths can form the basis of the next generation of skin oximeters, effectively overcoming all the limitations of current devices. Recently the chief technical obstacle, the lack of blue-green OCT sources, has started to be overcome via the invention of supercontinuum' light sources.Our project will explore the potential that blue-green spectrosopic OCT. using this new type of light source, has for improving the diagnosis and management of skin conditions that involve disturbed oxygen delivery by the microcirculation.

氧气对生命至关重要。体内的每个细胞都需要持续的氧气供应，否则就会死亡。从肺向细胞输送氧气是微循环最重要的功能。皮肤是人体最大的器官，在保护身体免受外界环境影响方面起着至关重要的作用。因此，它的健康对我们的总体福祉至关重要。皮肤由不同的层组成。最上层是角质层，由死亡细胞组成。下面是约0.1毫米厚的表皮，下面是真皮。1-2毫米厚。表皮是独一无二的，因为它含有活细胞，但没有血管：它完全依赖于来自其他地方的氧气的被动扩散来维持生命。如果表皮的氧气供应因任何原因而中断，很可能会导致严重的医疗状况。皮肤疼痛，如静脉性溃疡。压疮(如“压疮”)或糖尿病溃疡(即所谓的“糖尿病足”)可能是由于氧向表皮输送障碍而引起的。因此，有必要测量通过微循环向皮肤输送的氧气。50多年前，一种方法被提出，至今仍有价值。美国科学家米利根证明，光学光谱学可以通过改变血红蛋白的颜色来测量血液中与血红蛋白结合的氧气量。含氧的血红蛋白。主要存在于动脉血中，呈现鲜艳的深红色，而脱氧血红蛋白。在静脉血中更为常见。看起来是红棕色。米利根利用这一效应使美国轰炸机飞行员能够检查他们在5-6英里的高度飞行时是否呼吸了足够的氧气。目前所有的仪器都与密利根的仪器具有相同的基本概念设计。因此，在研究皮肤时，他们的局限性变得非常有限。皮肤的微循环在1毫米的深度尺度上高度结构化。但目前的仪器没有提供有关含氧血红蛋白随深度分布的直接信息。这些设备与皮肤进行身体接触。这很容易产生足以关闭最小血管的机械压力，从而扭曲测量结果。我们的项目建议是使用现代技术。在过去几年里发展起来的。为了解决这些缺点并建立更好的光学皮肤氧合器。我们的方法将应用一种被称为光学相干断层成像(OCT)的超声成像的光学模拟，该技术在过去12年中成为最有前途的皮肤成像的新光学技术。通过在多个不同波长执行OCT，光谱OCT可以产生关于吸收化合物分布的深度分辨信息。到目前为止，这项技术主要用于测量组织的水分含量，因为水在下午1.30到1.55之间有一个很强的吸收带OCT光源通常在这些波长下可用，因为它们也是用于光纤通信的波长。由于没有合适的光源，光谱OCT还没有被尝试在450到600 NMI的波长范围内测量血红蛋白的氧合。这些波长的光谱OCT可以构成下一代皮肤血氧仪的基础，有效地克服了当前设备的所有局限性。最近，通过超连续谱光源的发明，蓝绿色OCT光源的缺乏这一主要技术障碍已经开始被克服。我们的项目将探索蓝绿色OCT光谱的潜力。使用这种新型光源，可以改善微循环干扰氧气输送的皮肤状况的诊断和管理。