Heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A2-dependent mRNA trafficking in the cytoplasm of cells.

细胞质中异质核核糖核蛋白 A2 依赖性 mRNA 运输。

• 批准号: nhmrc : 210308
• 负责人: Prof Ross Smith
• 金额: $ 23.11万
• 依托单位国家: 澳大利亚
• 项目类别: NHMRC Project Grants
• 财政年份: 2002
• 资助国家: 澳大利亚
• 起止时间: 2002-01-01 至 2004-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://researchdata.edu.au/heterogeneous-nuclear-ribonucleoprotein-cytoplasm-cells/101016
• 关键词: Heterogeneous; nuclear; ribonucleoprotein; A2; dependent

Control of the use of DNA, gene expression, is vital to all living organisms, especially in development and disease. The information in the genes of DNA is transferred to an intermediate molecule, mRNA, in a process called transcription. The genetic information in the mRNA is subsequently used to make the protein encoded by the original gene. The switching on and off of DNA appears to be most frequently controlled at the transcription step but recently it has become apparent that there are many post-transcriptional events that govern how efficiently the genetic information is ultimately converted to protein molecules. The RNA molecules may be confined to a small region of the cell, resulting in the localization of the protein produced from it; the RNA may be rapidly degraded or stabilized; and the efficiency of production of the protein from its RNA precursor may be modulated by other molecules. It had previously been shown that the mRNA encoding a protein that is an essential structural component of central nervous system myelin is selectively transported to the regions in the cell where the myelin is made. We have identified the molecule that recognises this RNA as a protein called hnRNP A2 and shown how it selects the RNA molecules that have to be transported from the myriad of RNA moleclues in the cell at any given time. hnRNP A2 was previously thought to be confined to the nuclei of cells, but we have shown that it is also present outside the nucleus and is involved in RNA transport in a variety of cell types. hnRNP A2 appears to be directly involved in rheumatoid arthritis, lung cancer and other cancers. It has been proposed as a diagnostic test for cancer as elevated intracellular levels and circulating antibodies against this protein appear before the cancerous cells are visible under the microscope. The major aim of the proposed project is to explore the molecular mechanism by which hnRNP A2 transports RNA molecules in cells.

控制DNA的使用，即基因表达，对所有生物体都至关重要，尤其是在发育和疾病中。DNA基因中的信息在转录过程中被转移到中间分子mRNA上。mRNA中的遗传信息随后被用来制造原始基因编码的蛋白质。DNA的开启和关闭似乎是在转录步骤中最常见的控制，但最近已经变得很明显，有许多转录后事件控制着遗传信息最终转化为蛋白质分子的效率。RNA分子可能被限制在细胞的一个小区域，导致由它产生的蛋白质的定位；RNA可能被迅速降解或稳定；并且从其RNA前体产生蛋白质的效率可以被其他分子调节。先前的研究表明，编码一种蛋白质的mRNA是中枢神经系统髓磷脂的重要结构成分，它被选择性地运送到细胞中制造髓磷脂的区域。我们已经确定了识别这种RNA的分子是一种叫做hnRNP A2的蛋白质，并展示了它如何在任何给定时间从细胞中无数的RNA分子中选择必须运输的RNA分子。hnRNP A2以前被认为局限于细胞核，但我们已经证明它也存在于细胞核外，并参与各种细胞类型的RNA运输。hnRNP A2似乎直接参与类风湿关节炎、肺癌和其他癌症。它被提议作为癌症的诊断测试，因为在显微镜下癌细胞可见之前，细胞内升高的水平和针对这种蛋白质的循环抗体就会出现。该项目的主要目的是探索hnRNP A2在细胞中转运RNA分子的分子机制。