The information used to perceive binocular motion in depth

用于深度感知双眼运动的信息

• 批准号: EP/D002281/1
• 负责人: Julie Harris
• 金额: $ 32.87万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2006 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FD002281%2F1
• 关键词: information; used; perceive; binocular; motion

Because our eyes are positioned side by side in our heads, there is a large portion of our visual field that can be seen through both eyes at the same time. But each eye gets a slightly different view of the world, because it is in a slightly different location, and hence each eye's image is slightly different. The small differences between the eyes are called binocular disparities and it been known for about 150 years that our brains use disparity to help us see depth and shape in the world. In fact, our brains are exquisitely sensitive to disparity: we can detect depth differences as small as the thickness of a sheet of paper at twice arms reach. Binocular disparity is also potentially useful for perceiving how objects move in depth. During object motion in three dimensions (3-D), the binocular disparity of the object will change. However, there will also be direct differences in the size of motion signals in each eye. For example, if an object move directly towards the nose, that object's image will move in one direction in one eye, and the opposite direction in the other eye. If we want to understand how the brain sees 3-D object motion, we must first find out whether it uses binocular disparity, motion differences between the eyes, or both. Such knowledge is critically important for furthering our understanding of basic brain processes. It also has potential application to the enhancement of virtual reality (VR) technology: VR systems can be designed to exploit what the visual system is most sensitive to.Over the last 10 years, several research groups have attempted to test what visual information is used by the brain, using simple visual tests that attempt to isolate the two sources of information. The results have been controversial. One problem is that complex tricks have to be employed to eliminate one of the sources of information (in the real world, both are always present). These manipulations result in visual stimuli that are noisy and that may not have completely eliminated all the expected information. In this project we propose to not just test human vision with such stimuli. Additionally, we will design models called 'ideal observers'. These are mathematical models designed to use all the information available in a stimulus. For example an ideal observer for detecting changing disparity will use all disparity information within a visual stimulus. Indeed, applying the model to a stimulus is a way of testing what information that stimulus contains. By using these models, we can design visual stimuli that contain both sources of information and calculate how well an ideal observer could use the information to see 3-D motion. We then compare human performance with the model, rather than simply testing whether people can see the motion or not. For the first time, we will be able to test the relative importance of binocular disparity and motion information for seeing 3-D object motion.

因为我们的眼睛在我们的头部是并排的，所以我们的视野有很大一部分是可以通过两只眼睛同时看到的。但每只眼睛看到的世界略有不同，因为它们的位置略有不同，因此每只眼睛的图像也略有不同。眼睛之间的微小差异被称为双眼差异，大约150年前人们就知道，我们的大脑利用差异来帮助我们看到世界的深度和形状。事实上，我们的大脑对差异非常敏感：我们可以在两臂够远的地方察觉到纸张厚度的深度差异。双眼视差对于感知物体在深度上的移动也有潜在的用处。当物体在三维空间运动时，物体的双眼视差会发生变化。然而，每只眼睛的运动信号的大小也会有直接的差异。例如，如果一个物体直接向鼻子移动，那么这个物体的图像在一只眼睛里会朝一个方向移动，而在另一只眼睛里会朝相反的方向移动。如果我们想了解大脑是如何看到三维物体运动的，我们必须首先弄清楚它是使用双眼视差，还是双眼之间的运动差异，还是两者兼而有之。这些知识对于我们进一步了解大脑的基本过程至关重要。它在增强虚拟现实（VR）技术方面也有潜在的应用：VR系统可以设计成利用视觉系统最敏感的东西。在过去的10年里，几个研究小组试图测试大脑使用了什么视觉信息，使用简单的视觉测试，试图将两种信息来源分离开来。研究结果一直存在争议。一个问题是，必须使用复杂的技巧来消除其中一个信息源（在现实世界中，这两个信息源总是存在的）。这些操作导致的视觉刺激是嘈杂的，可能没有完全消除所有预期的信息。在这个项目中，我们建议不只是用这样的刺激来测试人类的视觉。此外，我们将设计称为“理想观察者”的模型。这些数学模型被设计用来利用刺激中所有可用的信息。例如，用于检测视差变化的理想观察者将使用视觉刺激内的所有视差信息。事实上，将模型应用于刺激是测试刺激包含什么信息的一种方法。通过使用这些模型，我们可以设计包含两种信息来源的视觉刺激，并计算理想的观察者如何使用这些信息来看到3d运动。然后，我们将人类的表现与模型进行比较，而不是简单地测试人们是否能看到动作。第一次，我们将能够测试双眼视差和运动信息对于看到三维物体运动的相对重要性。

项目成果

Two independent mechanisms for motion-in-depth perception: evidence from individual differences.

• DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00155
• 发表时间: 2010
• 期刊: Frontiers in psychology
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: Nefs HT;O'Hare L;Harris JM
• 通讯作者: Harris JM

Induced motion in depth and the effects of vergence eye movements.

深度诱导运动和辐散眼球运动的影响。

• DOI: 10.1167/8.3.8
• 发表时间: 2008
• 期刊: Journal of vision
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Nefs HT

The interaction of eye movements and retinal signals during the perception of 3-D motion direction.

感知 3D 运动方向期间眼球运动和视网膜信号的相互作用。

• DOI: 10.1167/6.8.2
• 发表时间: 2006
• 期刊: Journal of vision
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Harris JM