Self-Control and Stress: A Limited resource model

自我控制和压力：有限资源模型

• 批准号: 7466504
• 负责人: Roy Frederick Baumeister
• 金额: $ 21.3万
• 依托单位: FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-09-30 至 2012-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7466504
• 关键词: Addictive Behavior; Address; Adolescence; Affect; Alcohol consumption; Arts; Behavior; Behavioral; Behavioral Research; Biological; Biological Models; Collaborations; Conceptions; Daily; Data Collection; Eating; Effectiveness of Interventions; Evaluation; Exercise; Fatty acid glycerol esters; Food; Glucose; Goals; Health; Hyperphagia; Individual; Internet; Knowledge; Laboratories; Life; Link; Methods; Modeling; Motivation; Muscle; Pathway interactions; Patient Self-Report; Physiological; Process; Public Health; Randomized; Research; Resources; Risk; Sampling; Science; Self-control as a personality trait; Series; Smoking; Stress; Techniques; Thinking; Time; Training Programs; Training Technics; Work; addiction; biological adaptation to stress; cigarette smoking; college; coping; design; drinking; experience; improved; member; psychologic; research study; social; social integration; stressor; theories; university student; young adult

Addictive behaviors, such as smoking, drinking and overeating rich, high fat foods are highly prevalent among young adults in the US. Over-indulgence in such behaviors put these young adults at great risk for addiction, thereby posing an important threat to public health. Self-control may be central to reducing problematic addictive behaviors, the proposed research will build on the recently emerging basic understanding of self-control as a limited resource capacity. When that resource has been depleted, selfcontrol is likely to fail, potentially resulting in an increase in unhealthy eating, drinking, or smoking. Coping with stress depletes self control, and addictive behaviors are known to increase under stress. Although we have previously shown that self control may be strengthened via exercises and that stress indeed depletes self control capacity, social behavioral research to assess whether strengthening self control via exercises could improve self control and decrease addictive behaviors in the real world has been limited. Therefore, in the current proposal we will address this important gap by conducting two projects, each involving a series of randomized controlled experiments. Project 1 encompasses a series of 4 experiments conducted in college students that evaluate the impact of self-control exercises on this limited resource capacity in the laboratory, and among college students choosing to decrease addictive behaviors of overeating, smoking or alcohol use. The initial three experiments aim to develop an efficient training program that strengthens self-control by employing simple and ecologically-valid training techniques. The final experiment examines whether such improvements are maintained during stressful periods marked by elevated risk for addictive indulgence within a naturalistic setting. Project II examines the impact of subjective and physiological stress on selfcontrol and addictive behaviors. This is a new and important contribution to our theory of self-control, as it will help clarify some of the processes by which people develop (or fail to develop) self-control. In Project II, experiment 1 investigates whether the demands for self-control are themselves inherently stressful. Experiment 2 examines whether glucose provides a way for improvement of self-control under different types of laboratory stressors, and finally experiment 3 assesses the association between stress, self-control and addictive behaviors in a naturalistic setting. Through collaborative team science, these studies will integrate social arid behavioral conceptions of self-control with biological influences on stress and self control. If successful, the proposed research will uniquely apply basic knowledge about self control processes to identify effective ways to change addictive behaviors in the real world setting of college life, and thereby decrease the risk of developing addiction among college students.

成瘾行为，如吸烟，饮酒和暴饮暴食丰富，高脂肪的食物非常普遍 在美国的年轻人中。过度沉迷于这种行为使这些年轻人面临巨大的风险， 成瘾，从而对公众健康构成重大威胁。自我控制可能是减少 有问题的成瘾行为，拟议的研究将建立在最近出现的基本 把自我控制理解为有限的资源能力。当这种资源耗尽时，自我控制 很可能失败，可能导致不健康饮食，饮酒或吸烟的增加。应对 压力会耗尽自我控制能力，成瘾行为在压力下会增加。虽然我们 我之前已经证明，自我控制可以通过锻炼得到加强，压力确实会消耗 自我控制能力，社会行为研究，以评估是否通过锻炼加强自我控制 在真实的世界中能够提高自我控制和减少成瘾行为的方法是有限的。因此在 目前的建议，我们将通过开展两个项目来解决这一重要差距，每个项目涉及一系列 随机对照实验项目1包括在大学进行的一系列4个实验 学生们在实验室里评估自我控制练习对有限资源能力的影响， 在选择减少暴饮暴食、吸烟或酗酒等成瘾行为的大学生中， 使用.最初的三个实验旨在开发一种有效的训练计划，通过以下方式加强自我控制 采用简单和生态有效的训练技术。最后一个实验检验了 在以成瘾性放纵风险升高为标志的紧张时期， 在一个自然的环境中。项目II考察主观和生理压力对自我控制的影响 和成瘾行为。这是对我们的自我控制理论的一个新的重要贡献，因为它 将有助于澄清人们发展（或未能发展）自我控制的一些过程。在项目II中， 实验1研究自我控制的要求本身是否具有内在的压力。 实验2考察了葡萄糖是否为不同类型的自我控制能力的提高提供了途径 最后，实验3评估了压力，自我控制和 在自然环境中的成瘾行为。通过协作团队科学，这些研究将整合 自我控制的社会和行为概念与压力和自我控制的生物学影响。如果 成功的，拟议的研究将独特地应用有关自我控制过程的基本知识， 确定有效的方法来改变大学生活的真实的世界设置成瘾行为，从而 降低大学生成瘾的风险。