The Geometry of Supergravity Solutions and Applications
超重力几何解及其应用
基本信息
- 批准号:EP/D047463/1
- 负责人:
- 金额:$ 26.33万
- 依托单位:
- 依托单位国家:英国
- 项目类别:Research Grant
- 财政年份:2006
- 资助国家:英国
- 起止时间:2006 至 无数据
- 项目状态:已结题
- 来源:
- 关键词:
项目摘要
The two really big theories in theoretical physics are quantum theory and our theory of gravity, Einstein's theory of General Relativity.Quantum theory describes the physics of the really small: atoms, electrons, protons and all of the particles observed when these particles are smashed into each other at very high energies in particle accelerators. The quantum world is very weird as it says that sometimes particles actually behave like waves and vice-versa. But the weirdness is really there: the quantum theory of particle physics has been tested to incredible precision. We know that there are three quantum forces: the electromagnetic, the weak and the strong nuclear force. This magnificent edifice is sometimes called the Standard Model of particle physics.Gravity, on the other hand hand, is quite different. General Relativity says that the phenomenon of, say, an apple falling onto Isaac Newton's head, is a manifestation of the curvature of space-time. To get a flavour of this, imagine a big latex rubber sheet with a shot-put sitting in the middle stretching it down. If we now put a marble on the sheet, it will roll toward the shot-put as if it is being pulled by some force.General Relativity is also very accurate, having been tested in many different ways. One of the most interesting aspects of the theory is that it predicts the existence of black holes. In a black hole gravity is so strong, that is, the curvature of spacetime is so great, that even light cannot escape. We now think that all galaxies have a huge black sitting at their centre. General Relativity is also the basis for our theory of the origin of the universe, that everything began about 10 billion years ago in a very tiny compressed state and then exploded - the Big Bang .So, two beautiful theories, the Standard Model and General Relativity, and both very accurate. But...they are mathematically incompatible! How can this possibly be? The point is that the two theories are associated with very different scales: on small scales, for current particle physics, gravity is so weak that we can just forget about it. Similarly, General Relativity is applicable on very large scales when all other particle forces are negligible. This is why we can have the two incompatible theories happily co-existing.However, we know that there are some situations when we need both theories: for example inside black holes and at the Big Bang. A theory that unifies the two is called a theory of quantum gravity. We work on a candidate quantum gravity called string theory. The main idea of string theory is that everything is really made up of very, very tiny little loops or segments of string. The oscillations of these strings, like the different notes on a guitar, would each become, via the quantum weirdness, a different elementary particle. If it oscillates one way it's an electron, if it oscillates another way it's a proton and so on. Understanding the mathematics of exactly how this might happen is something that we are working on.Symmetry has been a major guiding principle in constructing the Standard Model and General Relativity. Now, every particle that we know of is either a boson or a fermion. The bosons, a photon for example, are associated with forces, while the fermions, an electron for example, are associated with matter. A very interesting symmetry, called supersymmetry, is essentially the unique way to connect bosons with fermions, or equivalently forces with matter. It is a central component of string and, based on a lot of hints, we think obtaining a deeper mathematical understanding of supersymmetry in string theory will lead to a deeper understanding of string theory itself. This is what we are proposing to work on and we hope that it will provide a significant step on the journey to determine whether or not Nature is described by string theory.
理论物理学中两个真正重要的理论是量子理论和我们的引力理论,爱因斯坦的广义相对论。量子理论描述了非常小的物理学:原子,电子,质子和所有观察到的粒子,当这些粒子在粒子加速器中以非常高的能量相互撞击时。量子世界是非常奇怪的,因为它说,有时粒子实际上表现得像波,反之亦然。但奇怪的是真的存在:粒子物理学的量子理论已经被测试到令人难以置信的精度。我们知道有三种量子力:电磁力、弱核力和强核力。这座宏伟的建筑有时被称为粒子物理学的标准模型。另一方面,引力则完全不同。广义相对论认为,比如说,一个苹果掉到艾萨克·牛顿的头上,这是时空弯曲的一种表现。为了更好地理解这种感觉,想象一下一个巨大的乳胶橡胶板,中间放着一个铅球,把它拉下来。如果我们现在把一个弹珠放在床单上,它会像被某种力拉着一样向铅球滚去。广义相对论也非常精确,已经用许多不同的方法进行了检验。这个理论最有趣的方面之一是它预言了黑洞的存在。在黑洞中,引力是如此之强,也就是说,时空的曲率是如此之大,以至于连光也无法逃脱。我们现在认为所有星系的中心都有一个巨大的黑色。广义相对论也是我们关于宇宙起源的理论的基础,即一切都始于大约100亿年前的一个非常微小的压缩状态,然后爆炸-大爆炸。所以,两个美丽的理论,标准模型和广义相对论,都非常准确。但是...它们在数学上是不相容的这怎么可能?关键在于,这两种理论所涉及的尺度非常不同:在小尺度上,对于当前的粒子物理学来说,引力是如此之弱,以至于我们可以忘记它;同样,当所有其他粒子力都可以忽略不计时,广义相对论也适用于非常大的尺度。这就是为什么我们可以让这两个不相容的理论愉快地共存。然而,我们知道,在某些情况下,我们需要这两个理论:例如在黑洞内部和大爆炸。将两者统一起来的理论称为量子引力理论。我们研究的是一种叫做弦理论的候选量子引力。弦理论的主要观点是,一切都是由非常非常小的弦环或弦段组成的。这些弦的振动,就像吉他上的不同音符一样,通过量子的奇异性,每一个都变成了不同的基本粒子。如果它以一种方式振荡,那它就是电子,如果它以另一种方式振荡,那它就是质子,以此类推。我们正在努力理解这种情况是如何发生的。对称性一直是构建标准模型和广义相对论的主要指导原则。我们所知道的每一个粒子不是玻色子就是费米子。玻色子,例如光子,与力有关,而费米子,例如电子,与物质有关。一个非常有趣的对称性,称为超对称性,本质上是连接玻色子和费米子的唯一方式,或者等价地将力与物质联系起来。它是弦的核心组成部分,基于大量的提示,我们认为对弦论中的超对称性有更深的数学理解将导致对弦论本身有更深的理解。这就是我们打算做的工作,我们希望它能在确定弦理论是否能描述自然的旅程中迈出重要的一步。
项目成果
期刊论文数量(10)
专著数量(0)
科研奖励数量(0)
会议论文数量(0)
专利数量(0)
AdS solutions through transgression
- DOI:10.1088/1126-6708/2008/09/021
- 发表时间:2008-07
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.4
- 作者:Aristomenis Donos;J. Gauntlett;Nakwoo Kim
- 通讯作者:Aristomenis Donos;J. Gauntlett;Nakwoo Kim
Supersymmetric solutions for non-relativistic holography
非相对论性全息的超对称解
- DOI:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/03/138
- 发表时间:2009
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.4
- 作者:Donos A
- 通讯作者:Donos A
Schrodinger invariant solutions of type IIB with enhanced supersymmetry
具有增强超对称性的 IIB 型薛定谔不变解
- DOI:
- 发表时间:2009
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.4
- 作者:Donos, A
- 通讯作者:Donos, A
Solutions of type IIB and D=11 supergravity with Schrödinger ( z ) symmetry
具有 Schrödinger ( z ) 对称性的 IIB 型和 D=11 超重力解
- DOI:10.1088/1126-6708/2009/07/042
- 发表时间:2009
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:5.4
- 作者:Donos A
- 通讯作者:Donos A
AdS 5 Solutions of Type IIB Supergravity and Generalized Complex Geometry
AdS 5 IIB型超重力与广义复几何解
- DOI:10.1007/s00220-010-1083-y
- 发表时间:2010
- 期刊:
- 影响因子:2.4
- 作者:Gabella M
- 通讯作者:Gabella M
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Jerome Gauntlett其他文献
Brane new worlds
全新的世界
- DOI:
10.1038/35003679 - 发表时间:
2000-03-02 - 期刊:
- 影响因子:48.500
- 作者:
Jerome Gauntlett - 通讯作者:
Jerome Gauntlett
Jerome Gauntlett的其他文献
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{{ truncateString('Jerome Gauntlett', 18)}}的其他基金
M-Theory, Cosmology and Quantum Field Theory
M 理论、宇宙学和量子场论
- 批准号:
ST/L00044X/1 - 财政年份:2014
- 资助金额:
$ 26.33万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
M-Theory, Cosmology and Quantum Field Theory
M 理论、宇宙学和量子场论
- 批准号:
ST/J000353/1 - 财政年份:2011
- 资助金额:
$ 26.33万 - 项目类别:
Research Grant
Supergravity, quantum field theory and black holes
超引力、量子场论和黑洞
- 批准号:
EP/D072077/1 - 财政年份:2006
- 资助金额:
$ 26.33万 - 项目类别:
Fellowship
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