Individual and joint contributions of the hemispheres to language comprehension

半球对语言理解的单独和联合贡献

• 批准号: 7546788
• 负责人: EDWARD W WLOTKO
• 金额: $ 3.94万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT URBANA-CHAMPAIGN
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-08-23 至 2009-07-24
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7546788
• 关键词: Anatomy; Area; Behavior; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Part; Brain imaging; Cerebral Dominance; Cerebral hemisphere; Communication; Comprehension; Corpus Callosum; Data; Distributed Systems; Equilibrium; Event; Event-Related Potentials; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Future; Head; Human; Illinois; Imaging Techniques; Individual; Individual Differences; Inferior; Institutes; Institution; Intervention; Invasive; Investigation; Joints; Language; Language Disorders; Left; Link; Localized; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Nature; Nerve Fibers; Neurons; Optics; Participant; Pattern; Positron-Emission Tomography; Procedures; Process; Property; Public Health; Publishing; Range; Reading; Recruitment Activity; Research; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Scalp structure; Science; Semantics; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Source; Speech; Stimulus; Structure; System; Techniques; Technology; Testing; Time; Universities; Visual; Visual Fields; Work; base; cognitive neuroscience; cost; design; frontal lobe; hemodynamics; language processing; light scattering; neuroimaging; novel; optical imaging; phonology; relating to nervous system; research study; response; semantic processing; size; social cognition; syntax; tool

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Normal language comprehension requires contributions and cooperation from many parts of the brain, ranging from sensory areas that receive the initial physical input, through frontal and temporal areas associated with oft-characterized language subprocesses, to brain areas involved in perspective-taking and social cognition; thus a network of brain areas, in both hemispheres, is recruited during everyday language and discourse processes. Evidence for a role of the right hemisphere in normal language comprehension has accumulated over the last several decades, and researchers have proposed that each hemisphere is disposed to serve different language functions necessary for comprehension. The proposed research critically extends this work, examining the idea that some typically-studied language processes are composed of distinct contributions from each hemisphere and that other processes require input from both hemispheres in order to be engaged. Using event-related potentials and a new imaging technique known as the event-related optical signal (which provides both temporal and spatial precision), these studies will explore individual and joint contributions of the two hemispheres as they unfold and interact over time during the semantic processing of normal, plausible sentences. Because the two hemispheres communicate through the corpus callosum, individual differences in callosal size will be linked to functional asymmetries to better characterize hemispheric interaction over time. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Understanding how the hemispheres cooperate during language comprehension has broad implications, as many language disorders have been associated with abnormal laterally patterns or deficient hemispheric communication. Providing a fuller picture of how the two hemispheres work together thus has the potential to inform treatment options or interventions for acquired or congenital language disorders.

描述（由申请人提供）：正常的语言理解需要大脑许多部分的贡献和合作，从接收初始物理输入的感觉区域，到与经常表征的语言子过程相关的额叶和颞区，再到涉及观点采择和社会认知的大脑区域；因此，在日常语言和话语过程中，两个半球的大脑区域网络都会被招募。过去几十年来，关于右半球在正常语言理解中的作用的证据不断积累，研究人员提出，每个半球都倾向于服务于理解所需的不同语言功能。拟议的研究批判性地扩展了这项工作，检验了一些典型研究的语言过程是由每个半球的不同贡献组成的想法，而其他过程需要来自两个半球的输入才能参与。这些研究将利用事件相关电位和一种称为事件相关光信号的新成像技术（可提供时间和空间精度），探索两个半球在正常、合理句子的语义处理过程中随着时间的推移展开和相互作用时的个体和联合贡献。由于两个半球通过胼胝体进行交流，因此胼胝体大小的个体差异将与功能不对称相关，以便更好地表征随着时间的推移半球相互作用。公共健康相关性：了解语言理解过程中半球如何合作具有广泛的意义，因为许多语言障碍与异常的横向模式或半球沟通缺陷有关。因此，更全面地了解两个半球如何协同工作有可能为后天性或先天性语言障碍的治疗选择或干预措施提供信息。