Vestibular Influences on the Sympathetic Nervous System

前庭对交感神经系统的影响

• 批准号: 7173902
• 负责人: BILL J YATES
• 金额: $ 23.63万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PITTSBURGH AT PITTSBURGH
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1990
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1990-04-01 至 2008-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7173902
• 关键词: Affect; Animal Model; Animals; Area; Attenuated; Bilateral; Blood Pressure; Blood flow; Body Regions; Brain; Cardiovascular system; Cell Nucleus; Chronic; Complex; Conscious; Cutaneous Muscle; Electric Stimulation; Excision; Felis catus; Fire - disasters; Forelimb; Funding; Glutamates; Grant; Head; Hindlimb; Inferior; Injection of therapeutic agent; Kidney; Lesion; Limb structure; Location; Maps; Monitor; Movement; Nerve; Nervous system structure; Neural Pathways; Neurons; Neurotransmitters; Nucleus solitarius; Patients; Pattern; Peripheral; Plastics; Positioning Attribute; Posture; Property; Reflex action; Regional Blood Flow; Regulation; Resistance; Rotation; Sensory; Signal Transduction; Spinal; Suid Herpesvirus 1; Sympathetic Nervous System; Synapses; System; Techniques; Testing; Therapeutic; Time; Tracer; Ultrasonics; Vascular resistance; Vestibular nucleus structure; Viscera; Visceral; Visceral Afferents; Week; dorsal column; gray matter; hemodynamics; human subject; insight; labyrinthectomy; medial vestibular nucleus; research study; response; somatosensory; vascular bed

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Over the past 15 years, experiments on animal models as well as human subjects have demonstrated that the vestibular system contributes to cardiovascular regulation during movement and changes in posture. Accordingly, bilateral labyrinthectomy disrupts an animal's capacity to rapidly adjust blood pressure during postural alterations, although the ability to produce prompt compensatory cardiovascular adjustments recovers over time. During the course of the currently-funded grant we showed that vestibular stimulation produces patterned, specific hemodynamic alterations in particular vascular beds. Furthermore, we uncovered evidence that regions of the caudal vestibular nuclei that influence autonomic regulation integrate a variety of sensory signals reflecting body position in space, and that this multisensory integration may explain why animals lacking vestibular inputs regain the ability to maintain stable blood pressure during postural alterations. These findings gave rise to the following hypothesis: the integration by the central vestibular system of labyrinthine and nonlabyrinthine graviceptive signals leads to complex alterations in regional blood flow that serve to stabilize blood pressure during movement. Three specific aims are proposed to test this hypothesis. The first specific aim will determine whether bilateral removal of vestibular inputs affects the patterning of hemodynamic responses that ordinarily occur during postural alterations. The second specific aim will explore whether nonlabyrinthine inputs from the limbs and viscera are sufficient to modulate activity of neurons in the autonomic region of the caudal vestibular nuclei, and will ascertain the time course over which nonlabyrinthine signals are substituted for labyrinthine inputs following a bilateral vestibular neurectomy. The third specific aim will determine whether a neuronal substrate is present for limb and visceral inputs to reach a majority of neurons in the caudal vestibular nuclei, and if so will map the neural pathways that relay nonlabyrinthine signals to this region. These experiments will contribute to understanding the mechanisms through which cardiovascular adjustments are made during movement and changes in posture, and may provide insights towards developing therapeutic approaches to alleviate autonomic disturbances in patients with central or peripheral vestibular lesions.

描述（由申请人提供）：在过去的15年中，对动物模型以及人类受试者的实验已经证明，前庭系统有助于运动和姿势变化期间的心血管调节。因此，双侧椎间盘切除术破坏了动物在姿势改变期间快速调节血压的能力，尽管产生迅速代偿性心血管调节的能力随时间恢复。在目前资助的赠款过程中，我们发现前庭刺激在特定的血管床中产生模式化的、特定的血流动力学改变。此外，我们发现的证据表明，影响自主调节的前庭尾核区域整合了反映空间中身体位置的各种感觉信号，这种多感觉整合可以解释为什么缺乏前庭输入的动物在姿势改变期间恢复维持稳定血压的能力。这些发现引起了以下假设：整合的中枢前庭系统的肾上腺皮质激素和非肾上腺皮质激素重力感受信号导致复杂的改变，在区域血流，用于稳定血压在运动过程中。提出了三个具体目标来检验这一假设。第一个具体目标将确定是否双侧前庭输入的删除影响模式的血流动力学反应，通常发生在姿势改变。第二个具体的目标将探讨是否从四肢和内脏的非肾上腺素的输入是足够的，以调节前庭尾核的自主区域的神经元的活动，并将确定的时间过程中，非肾上腺素的信号取代肾上腺素的输入后，双边前庭神经切除术。第三个具体目标将确定是否存在神经元基质，用于肢体和内脏输入，以到达前庭尾侧核中的大多数神经元，如果是这样，将映射将非肾上腺素信号传递到该区域的神经通路。这些实验将有助于了解心血管调整的机制，通过在运动和姿势的变化，并可能提供见解发展的治疗方法，以减轻自主神经紊乱的患者中枢或外周前庭病变。