Varieties of Impulsivity in Opiate and Stimulant Users

阿片类药物和兴奋剂使用者的各种冲动

• 批准号: 7425562
• 负责人: JASMIN L VASSILEVA
• 金额: $ 28.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7425562
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Addictive Behavior; Address; Amphetamines; Asia; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Behavior; Biological; Bulgaria; Childhood; Chronic; Class; Client; Cognitive; Country; Data; Deltastab; Dependence; Developed Countries; Developing Countries; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Drug user; Epidemic; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Harm Reduction; Healthcare; Heroin; Illicit Drugs; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Injection of therapeutic agent; International; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Literature; Measures; Modality; Modeling; Motor; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurocognitive; North America; Opiates; Pattern; Performance; Personality; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population Study; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Prevention intervention; Production; Prohibit; Property; Public Health; Rate; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Route; Score; Symptoms; Techniques; Treatment Efficacy; Western Europe; base; discount; disinhibitory psychopathology; drug of abuse; experience; high risk behavior; indexing; interest; neurobehavioral; pandemic disease; programs; psychologic; psychopathic personality; response; trafficking; trait; transmission process; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this project is to better understand the role of impulsivity in drug addiction. Deficits in "impulsivity" are implicated in virtually all kinds of addictive behaviors and are related to risky sexual and injection practices, some of the primary vectors of HIV transmission. However, impulsivity is one of the most multifaceted constructs described in the literature that has a variety of trait-like personality and psychiatric dimensions, as well as performance-based neurobehavioral manifestations. Although many substance dependent individuals (SDIs) show impaired impulse control on performance-based neurobehavioral measures of impulsivity, certainly not all SDIs manifest such impairments. This suggests that individual differences in some additional risk factors such as the more temporally stable personality and psychiatric dimensions of impulsivity may increase vulnerability to performance-based neurobehavioral impulse control deficits in SDIs. Such performance-based deficits may also be a function of the unique pharmacological / toxicological properties of the specific drug of abuse. Therefore, one of the main goals of the project is to investigate how different conceptual approaches to impulsivity differ in their manifestations in SDIs and whether such differences are a function of the specific type of illicit drug used. An additional goal of the project is to examine which of the various dimensions of impulsivity are most closely related to high-risk sexual and injection risk behaviors and whether such high-risk behaviors differ as a function of the specific drug of abuse. The study has the following specific aims: (1) To investigate the associations of different classes of drugs (opiates and stimulants) and trait-like personality and psychiatric (ADHD and psychopathy) indices of impulsivity on performance on neurobehavioral measures of cognitive and motor impulsivity among groups of "pure" stimulant users, "pure" opiate users, and non-drug using controls. (2) To investigate the patterns of associations between individual differences in temporally stable trait-like personality and psychiatric indices of impulsivity with performance-based measures of motor and cognitive impulsivity. (3) To evaluate the associations between different trait- and performance-based manifestations of impulsivity with high risk behaviors that increase risk for HIV infection and transmission, such as sexual and injection risk practices among opiate and stimulant users. The research will be conducted in Bulgaria, where patterns of drug use are unique in that polysubstance dependence is uncommon, which will help us avoid the challenging methodological problem of polysubstance use among SDIs. Data from the proposed study will provide new knowledge on impulsivity in SDIs, on the specific effects of different classes of drugs of abuse on various dimensions of impulsivity, and bridge the gap on how individual differences in impulsivity might influence critical risky behaviors. Therefore, the study is expected to have important implications for the development of biological and psychological interventions for SDIs and for building sustainable research capacity in Bulgaria. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The project is expected to have important implications for the development of biological and psychological prevention and intervention strategies for substance dependent individuals. More specifically, the project will be particularly relevant for helping increase treatment efficacy by matching clients to treatment, based on individual differences in various dimensions of impulsivity, which could be addressed by various treatment modalities or techniques. The project could also have significant implications for HIV prevention efforts by informing harm-reduction prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing high-risk sexual and injection behaviors in drug users, who are some of the primary vectors for HIV transmission.

描述(由申请者提供)：本项目的总体目标是更好地理解冲动在药物成瘾中的作用。“冲动”缺陷与几乎所有类型的成瘾行为有关，并与危险的性行为和注射行为有关，这些行为是艾滋病毒传播的一些主要媒介。然而，冲动是文献中描述的最多方面的概念之一，它具有各种类似特质的人格和精神维度，以及基于表现的神经行为表现。虽然许多物质依赖者(SDI)在基于表现的冲动神经行为测量中表现出冲动控制受损，但当然不是所有的SDI都表现出这种损害。这表明，一些额外风险因素的个体差异，如冲动的更暂时稳定的个性和精神维度，可能会增加SDI中基于表现的神经行为冲动控制缺陷的易感性。这种以业绩为基础的缺陷也可能是滥用的特定药物的独特药理/毒理特性的作用。因此，该项目的主要目标之一是调查冲动性的不同概念方法在性侵犯行为中的表现有何不同，以及这种差异是否是所使用的特定类型非法药物的作用。该项目的另一个目标是检查冲动的各个维度中哪些与高危性行为和注射风险行为关系最密切，以及这种高危行为是否随着具体滥用药物的不同而不同。本研究有以下具体目的：(1)在“纯”兴奋剂使用者、“纯”阿片类药物使用者和非药物使用者对照组中，调查不同类别的药物(鸦片类和兴奋剂)和特质样人格和精神病学(ADHD和精神病学)冲动指数对认知和运动冲动神经行为测量结果的影响。(2)采用基于绩效的运动和认知冲动测量方法，研究个体在时间稳定的特质型人格差异和精神病学冲动指数之间的关联模式。(3)评估冲动的不同特征和表现与增加艾滋病毒感染和传播风险的高危行为之间的关系，例如阿片剂和兴奋剂使用者的性行为和注射风险做法。这项研究将在保加利亚进行，那里的药物使用模式是独一无二的，因为多物质依赖并不常见，这将帮助我们避免在SDI中使用多物质的具有挑战性的方法学问题。这项拟议研究的数据将提供关于SDI中的冲动的新知识，关于不同类别的滥用药物对冲动的各个维度的具体影响，并弥合关于个体冲动的差异如何影响关键危险行为的差距。因此，这项研究预计将对保加利亚为性传播疾病制定生物和心理干预措施以及建设可持续的研究能力产生重要影响。与公共卫生的相关性：该项目预计将对制定针对物质依赖者的生物和心理预防和干预战略产生重要影响。更具体地说，该项目将特别有助于通过将客户与治疗相匹配，根据冲动各方面的个体差异来帮助提高治疗效果，这可以通过各种治疗模式或技术来解决。该项目还可能对艾滋病毒预防工作产生重大影响，因为它提供了旨在减少吸毒者高危性行为和注射行为的减害预防和干预战略，而吸毒者是艾滋病毒传播的一些主要媒介。