Varieties of Impulsivity in Opiate and Stimulant Users

阿片类药物和兴奋剂使用者的各种冲动

• 批准号: 7858124
• 负责人: JASMIN L VASSILEVA
• 金额: $ 23.75万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2013-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7858124
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Addictive Behavior; Address; Amphetamines; Asia; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Balkans; Behavior; Biological; Bulgaria; Childhood; Chronic; Client; Cognitive; Country; Data; Deltastab; Dependence; Developing Countries; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Drug user; Epidemic; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Harm Reduction; Healthcare; Heroin; Illicit Drugs; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Injection of therapeutic agent; International; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Literature; Measures; Modality; Modeling; Motor; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurocognitive; North America; Opiates; Pattern; Performance; Personality; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population Study; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Preventive Intervention; Production; Property; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Route; Symptoms; Techniques; Treatment Efficacy; Western Europe; base; discount; disinhibitory psychopathology; drug of abuse; experience; high risk; high risk behavior; indexing; interest; neurobehavioral; non-drug; pandemic disease; programs; psychologic; psychopathic personality; public health relevance; response; sex risk; trafficking; trait; transmission process; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The overall aim of this project is to better understand the role of impulsivity in drug addiction. Deficits in "impulsivity" are implicated in virtually all kinds of addictive behaviors and are related to risky sexual and injection practices, some of the primary vectors of HIV transmission. However, impulsivity is one of the most multifaceted constructs described in the literature that has a variety of trait-like personality and psychiatric dimensions, as well as performance-based neurobehavioral manifestations. Although many substance dependent individuals (SDIs) show impaired impulse control on performance-based neurobehavioral measures of impulsivity, certainly not all SDIs manifest such impairments. This suggests that individual differences in some additional risk factors such as the more temporally stable personality and psychiatric dimensions of impulsivity may increase vulnerability to performance-based neurobehavioral impulse control deficits in SDIs. Such performance-based deficits may also be a function of the unique pharmacological / toxicological properties of the specific drug of abuse. Therefore, one of the main goals of the project is to investigate how different conceptual approaches to impulsivity differ in their manifestations in SDIs and whether such differences are a function of the specific type of illicit drug used. An additional goal of the project is to examine which of the various dimensions of impulsivity are most closely related to high-risk sexual and injection risk behaviors and whether such high-risk behaviors differ as a function of the specific drug of abuse. The study has the following specific aims: (1) To investigate the associations of different classes of drugs (opiates and stimulants) and trait-like personality and psychiatric (ADHD and psychopathy) indices of impulsivity on performance on neurobehavioral measures of cognitive and motor impulsivity among groups of "pure" stimulant users, "pure" opiate users, and non-drug using controls. (2) To investigate the patterns of associations between individual differences in temporally stable trait-like personality and psychiatric indices of impulsivity with performance-based measures of motor and cognitive impulsivity. (3) To evaluate the associations between different trait- and performance-based manifestations of impulsivity with high risk behaviors that increase risk for HIV infection and transmission, such as sexual and injection risk practices among opiate and stimulant users. The research will be conducted in Bulgaria, where patterns of drug use are unique in that polysubstance dependence is uncommon, which will help us avoid the challenging methodological problem of polysubstance use among SDIs. Data from the proposed study will provide new knowledge on impulsivity in SDIs, on the specific effects of different classes of drugs of abuse on various dimensions of impulsivity, and bridge the gap on how individual differences in impulsivity might influence critical risky behaviors. Therefore, the study is expected to have important implications for the development of biological and psychological interventions for SDIs and for building sustainable research capacity in Bulgaria. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The project is expected to have important implications for the development of biological and psychological prevention and intervention strategies for substance dependent individuals. More specifically, the project will be particularly relevant for helping increase treatment efficacy by matching clients to treatment, based on individual differences in various dimensions of impulsivity, which could be addressed by various treatment modalities or techniques. The project could also have significant implications for HIV prevention efforts by informing harm-reduction prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing high-risk sexual and injection behaviors in drug users, who are some of the primary vectors for HIV transmission.

描述（由申请人提供）：该项目的总体目标是更好地了解冲动在吸毒成瘾中的作用。 “冲动”缺陷几乎与所有类型的成瘾行为有关，并且与危险的性行为和注射行为有关，而这些行为是艾滋病毒传播的一些主要媒介。然而，冲动是文献中描述的最多方面的结构之一，它具有多种特征状人格和精神维度，以及基于表现的神经行为表现。尽管许多物质依赖个体 (SDI) 在基于表现的冲动性神经行为测量中表现出冲动控制受损，但并非所有 SDI 都表现出这种损害。这表明，一些额外风险因素的个体差异，例如更暂时稳定的人格和冲动的精神维度，可能会增加 SDI 中基于表现的神经行为冲动控制缺陷的脆弱性。这种基于表现的缺陷也可能是特定滥用药物的独特药理学/毒理学特性的函数。因此，该项目的主要目标之一是调查不同的冲动概念方法在 SDI 中的表现有何不同，以及这种差异是否与所使用的特定类型非法药物有关。该项目的另一个目标是检查冲动的各个维度中的哪一个与高风险性行为和注射风险行为最密切相关，以及这些高风险行为是否因特定滥用药物而有所不同。该研究有以下具体目的：（1）调查不同类别的药物（阿片类药物和兴奋剂）以及类特质人格和精神病（多动症和精神病）冲动指数与“纯粹”兴奋剂使用者、“纯粹”阿片类使用者和非药物使用对照组中认知和运动冲动神经行为测量表现的关联。 (2) 研究暂时稳定的特质型人格的个体差异和冲动的精神指标与基于表现的运动和认知冲动测量之间的关联模式。 (3) 评估基于不同特质和表现的冲动表现与增加艾滋病毒感染和传播风险的高危行为之间的关联，例如阿片类药物和兴奋剂使用者的性行为和注射风险行为。这项研究将在保加利亚进行，那里的药物使用模式很独特，多物质依赖并不常见，这将有助于我们避免 SDI 中多物质使用的挑战性方法学问题。拟议研究的数据将提供关于 SDI 冲动性、不同类别滥用药物对冲动性各个维度的具体影响的新知识，并弥合冲动性个体差异如何影响关键危险行为的差距。因此，这项研究预计将对 SDI 的生物和心理干预措施的发展以及保加利亚可持续研究能力的建设产生重要影响。公共卫生相关性：该项目预计将对物质依赖个体的生物和心理预防和干预策略的制定产生重要影响。更具体地说，该项目将根据冲动各个方面的个体差异，通过将客户与治疗相匹配来帮助提高治疗效果，这可以通过各种治疗方式或技术来解决。该项目还可能对艾滋病毒预防工作产生重大影响，因为它为减少危害的预防和干预战略提供了信息，旨在减少吸毒者的高风险性行为和注射行为，吸毒者是艾滋病毒传播的一些主要媒介。