Varieties of Impulsivity in Opiate and Stimulant Users

阿片类药物和兴奋剂使用者的各种冲动

• 批准号: 8265335
• 负责人: JASMIN L VASSILEVA
• 金额: $ 26.25万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS AT CHICAGO
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-07-15 至 2014-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8265335
• 关键词: AIDS prevention; AIDS/HIV problem; Addictive Behavior; Address; Amphetamines; Asia; Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder; Balkans; Behavior; Biological; Bulgaria; Childhood; Chronic; Client; Cognitive; Country; Data; Deltastab; Dependence; Developing Countries; Development; Dimensions; Drug Addiction; Drug usage; Drug user; Epidemic; Future; Goals; HIV; HIV Infections; Harm Reduction; Healthcare; Heroin; Illicit Drugs; Impairment; Impulsivity; Individual; Individual Differences; Injection of therapeutic agent; International; Intervention; Investigation; Knowledge; Laboratories; Lead; Life; Literature; Measures; Modality; Modeling; Motor; Neurobehavioral Manifestations; Neurocognitive; North America; Opiates; Pattern; Performance; Personality; Personality Traits; Pharmaceutical Preparations; Population Study; Positioning Attribute; Prevalence; Prevention strategy; Preventive Intervention; Production; Property; Public Health; Relative (related person); Research; Resources; Rewards; Risk; Risk Behaviors; Risk Factors; Role; Route; Symptoms; Techniques; Treatment Efficacy; Western Europe; base; discounting; disinhibitory psychopathology; drug of abuse; experience; high risk; high risk behavior; indexing; interest; neurobehavioral; non-drug; pandemic disease; programs; psychologic; psychopathic personality; response; sex risk; trafficking; trait; transmission process; vector

The overall aim of this project is to better understand the role of impulsivity in drug addiction. Deficits in ¿impulsivity¿ are implicated in virtually all kinds of addictive behaviors and are related to risky sexual and injection practices, some of the primary vectors of HIV transmission. However, impulsivity is one of the most multifaceted constructs described in the literature that has a variety of trait-like personality and psychiatric dimensions, as well as performance-based neurobehavioral manifestations. Although many substance dependent individuals (SDIs) show impaired impulse control on performance-based neurobehavioral measures of impulsivity, certainly not all SDIs manifest such impairments. This suggests that individual differences in some additional risk factors such as the more temporally stable personality and psychiatric dimensions of impulsivity may increase vulnerability to performance-based neurobehavioral impulse control deficits in SDIs. Such performance-based deficits may also be a function of the unique pharmacological / toxicological properties of the specific drug of abuse. Therefore, one of the main goals of the project is to investigate how different conceptual approaches to impulsivity differ in their manifestations in SDIs and whether such differences are a function of the specific type of illicit drug used. An additional goal of the project is to examine which of the various dimensions of impulsivity are most closely related to high-risk sexual and injection risk behaviors and whether such high-risk behaviors differ as a function of the specific drug of abuse. The study has the following specific aims: (1) To investigate the associations of different classes of drugs (opiates and stimulants) and trait-like personality and psychiatric (ADHD and psychopathy) indices of impulsivity on performance on neurobehavioral measures of cognitive and motor impulsivity among groups of ¿pure¿ stimulant users, ¿pure¿ opiate users, and non-drug using controls. (2) To investigate the patterns of associations between individual differences in temporally stable trait-like personality and psychiatric indices of impulsivity with performance-based measures of motor and cognitive impulsivity. (3) To evaluate the associations between different trait- and performance-based manifestations of impulsivity with high risk behaviors that increase risk for HIV infection and transmission, such as sexual and injection risk practices among opiate and stimulant users. The research will be conducted in Bulgaria, where patterns of drug use are unique in that polysubstance dependence is uncommon, which will help us avoid the challenging methodological problem of polysubstance use among SDIs. Data from the proposed study will provide new knowledge on impulsivity in SDIs, on the specific effects of different classes of drugs of abuse on various dimensions of impulsivity, and bridge the gap on how individual differences in impulsivity might influence critical risky behaviors. Therefore, the study is expected to have important implications for the development of biological and psychological interventions for SDIs and for building sustainable research capacity in Bulgaria. RELEVANCE The project is expected to have important implications for the development of biological and psychological prevention and intervention strategies for substance dependent individuals. More specifically, the project will be particularly relevant for helping increase treatment efficacy by matching clients to treatment, based on individual differences in various dimensions of impulsivity, which could be addressed by various treatment modalities or techniques. The project could also have significant implications for HIV prevention efforts by informing harm-reduction prevention and intervention strategies aimed at reducing high-risk sexual and injection behaviors in drug users, who are some of the primary vectors for HIV transmission.

这个项目的总体目标是更好地理解冲动在药物成瘾中的作用。中国的赤字 冲动与几乎所有类型的成瘾行为有关，并与危险的性行为和 注射做法是艾滋病毒传播的一些主要媒介。然而，冲动是最重要的 文献中描述的具有各种特征的多方面结构--如个性和精神病学 维度，以及基于表现的神经行为表现。虽然有很多物质 依赖个体(SDI)在基于表现的神经行为测量中表现出冲动控制受损 当然，并不是所有的SDI都表现出这样的缺陷。这表明个体差异在 一些额外的风险因素，如在时间上更稳定的个性和精神层面 冲动可能会增加SDI中基于表现的神经行为冲动控制缺陷的易感性。 这种基于表现的缺陷也可能是独特的药理学/毒理学的功能 滥用的特定药物的性质。因此，该项目的主要目标之一是调查如何 冲动性的不同概念方法在SDI中的表现以及是否如此 差异是由所使用的特定类型的非法药物造成的。该项目的另一个目标是检查 冲动的各个方面中，哪一项与高危性行为和注射风险关系最密切 以及这种高危行为是否随着具体的药物滥用而有所不同。这项研究 有以下具体目标：(1)调查不同类别药物(阿片剂和阿片剂)之间的联系 兴奋剂)和类似特质的个性和精神病(ADHD和精神病)的冲动指数 认知和运动冲动的神经行为测量在纯种人群中的表现 兴奋剂使用者、纯阿片使用者和非药物使用对照。(2)调查犯罪模式 时间稳定的特质样人格的个体差异与精神病学指标的关系 冲动性和基于性能的运动和认知冲动性的测量。(3)评估 冲动的不同特征和表现与高风险之间的关系 增加艾滋病毒感染和传播风险的行为，如性行为和注射风险做法 在鸦片和兴奋剂使用者中。这项研究将在保加利亚进行，那里的毒品使用模式 独特之处在于，对多种物质的依赖并不常见，这将帮助我们避免挑战 SDI中多物质使用的方法学问题。拟议研究的数据将提供新的 关于性侵犯行为中的冲动的知识，关于不同类型的药物滥用对不同类型的 冲动性的维度，并弥合了个体冲动性差异可能如何影响的差距 关键的危险行为。因此，这项研究有望对中国的发展具有重要意义 为保加利亚的性传播疾病和建设可持续研究能力提供生物和心理干预。相关性 预计该项目将对生物学和心理学的发展产生重要影响 针对物质依赖者的预防和干预策略。更具体地说，该项目将 尤其适用于通过将客户与治疗相匹配来帮助提高治疗效果，基于 冲动各方面的个体差异，这可以通过各种治疗来解决 模式或技术。该项目还可能通过以下方式对艾滋病毒预防工作产生重大影响 通报旨在减少高危性行为和性行为的减害预防和干预战略 吸毒者的注射行为，他们是艾滋病毒传播的一些主要媒介。