Sex Differences in Stress & Impulsivity in Cocaine Abusers

描述（由申请人提供）：可卡因使用在全国范围内仍然普遍，有效治疗可卡因依赖仍然是一个挑战。药物依赖涉及许多因素，包括压力、冲动和性别差异。我们的第一个假设是，冲动和可卡因使用之间存在相互关系。我们将检查，如果冲动是可卡因使用的结果，通过获得多个措施的冲动后，在受控的实验室条件下吸烟可卡因管理。此外，我们将确定是否冲动性是可卡因使用的预测因子，通过自我报告的冲动性措施，在受控的实验室条件下自我管理的吸烟可卡因的量。我们的第二个假设是压力调节可卡因的使用。我们将研究在受控实验室条件下，身体和心理压力对自我管理吸烟可卡因的选择的影响。我们的第三个假设，也是贯穿始终的一个基本主题，是性是冲动、压力和可卡因使用之间关系的调节因素。我们将确定可卡因依赖男性和不寻求可卡因治疗的女性之间冲动和压力的差异。在研究1中，我们将确定可卡因给药是否会增加冲动的行为指标。参与者将在吸食固定剂量的可卡因之前和之后执行各种行为冲动任务。在研究1中，我们还将确定三个冲动性自我报告措施的分数是否预测或与自我管理吸烟可卡因的选择相关。最后，作为与研究2的联系，研究1将探讨固定剂量的可卡因是否会改变各种主观应激反应。在研究2中，我们将确定是否暴露于心理实验室应激源（特里尔社会应激测试）和物理实验室应激源（冷加压素测试）增加可卡因自我管理。参与者将有机会在压力暴露后立即吸食五剂可卡因;无压力条件将作为对照。研究1和2将在非寻求治疗的可卡因依赖男性和女性中进行，以直接解决压力和冲动的性别差异。使用人类实验室模型收集的这些数据将对针对冲动行为，减轻压力和性别特异性治疗问题制定差异化治疗策略产生直接影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Cocaine use is still prevalent nationwide and effective treatment for cocaine dependence remains a challenge. Many factors have been implicated in drug dependence, including stress, impulsivity and sex differences. Our first assumption is that there is a reciprocal relationship between impulsivity and cocaine use. We will examine if impulsivity is a consequence of cocaine use by obtaining multiple measure of impulsivity after smoked cocaine administration under controlled laboratory conditions. Further, we will determine if impulsivity is a predictor of cocaine use by relating self-report measures of impulsivity to the amount of smoked cocaine self-administered under controlled laboratory conditions. Our second assumption is that stress modulates cocaine use. We will examine the effect of a physical and a psychological stressor on the choice to self-administer smoked cocaine under controlled laboratory conditions. Our third assumption, and an underlying theme throughout, is that sex is a modulating factor in the relationship between impulsivity, stress and cocaine use. We will determine differences in impulsivity and stress between cocaine-dependent men and women not seeking treatment for their cocaine use. In Study 1, we will determine if cocaine administration increases behavioral measures of impulsivity. Participants will perform various behavioral impulsivity tasks before and after smoking fixed doses of cocaine. In Study 1, we will also determine if scores on three impulsivity self-report measures predict or correlate with choice to self-administer smoked cocaine. Finally, as a link to Study 2, Study 1 will explore whether fixed doses of smoked cocaine alter various subjective stress responses. In Study 2, we will determine whether exposure to a psychological laboratory stressor (Trier Social Stress Test) and a physical laboratory stressor (Cold Pressor Test) increases cocaine self-administration. Participants will have the opportunity to smoke five doses of cocaine immediately after stress exposure; a No Stress condition will serve as a control. Studies 1 and 2 will be conducted in non-treatment seeking cocaine-dependent men and women, to directly address sex differences in stress and impulsivity. These data collected using human laboratory models will have direct implications for developing differential treatment strategies targeting impulsive behavior, stress reduction, and gender-specific treatment issues.