The impact of the built environment on the risk of breast cancer

建筑环境对乳腺癌风险的影响

• 批准号: 7261169
• 负责人: Theresa H M Keegan
• 金额: $ 7.25万
• 依托单位: CANCER PREVENTION INSTIT OF CALIFORNIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-05-01 至 2009-04-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7261169
• 关键词: Affect; Area; Automobile Driving; Body mass index; Breast Cancer Risk Factor; California; Characteristics; Clinical; Cohort Studies; Communities; Condition; Daily; Data; Destinations; Environment; Food; Geographic Information Systems; Goals; Health Resources; Healthcare; Incidence; Interview; Life; Literature; Malignant Neoplasms; Measures; Menopausal Status; Neighborhoods; Numbers; Obesity; Overweight; Persons; Physical activity; Public Health; Rate; Recreation; Risk; Risk Factors; Socioeconomic Status; Supermarket; Surveys; Testing; Time; Transportation; United States; United States National Institutes of Health; Walking; Woman; cancer prevention; cancer risk; cohort; fast food; malignant breast neoplasm; modifiable risk; neoplasm registry; prospective; success; teacher

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In the United States, the occurrence of breast cancer (BC), the most common cancer in women, has increased for the past two decades. Prevention of this cancer is difficult because most identified factors contributing to breast cancer occurrence cannot easily be modified. Two factors, obesity and physical inactivity, are characteristics that have both been shown to be associated with a higher risk of BC occurrence and to have the potential to be changed. However, public health efforts to reduce the rapidly increasing rates of obesity and increase physical activity, stated goals of the NIH, have yielded limited success. Therefore, new directions and strategies are needed to combat the increasing occurrence of BC. Studies are now providing convincing evidence that physical activity and obesity are associated with the built environment, man-made attributes of a person's surroundings such as the existence and condition of sidewalks, availability of resources (health care, food, playgrounds, public transportation) and the number of walkable destinations. However, no prior studies have considered the influence of the built environment on cancer incidence. Combining survey data collected from the California Teachers Study, a prospective cohort of over 120,000 women, with clinical breast cancer information from the California Cancer Registry, and built environment characteristics from geographic information systems (GIS), this will be the first study to test the hypothesis that the built environment affects the risk of BC. In doing so, this study will 1) determine the specific measures of the built environment that are related to physical activity and obesity; 2) test whether these built environment measures are related to the risk of BC; and 3) determine if other factors related to BC occurrence, including menopausal status and socioeconomic status, change these associations.

描述(由申请人提供)： 在美国，乳腺癌(BC)的发病率在过去20年里有所增加，BC是女性最常见的癌症。预防这种癌症是困难的，因为大多数已确定的导致乳腺癌发生的因素都不容易改变。肥胖和缺乏体力活动这两个因素都已被证明与BC发生的更高风险相关，并且有可能被改变。然而，公共卫生努力降低迅速增长的肥胖率和增加体力活动，这是美国国立卫生研究院的目标，但收效甚微。因此，需要新的方向和策略来抗击BC的日益增加的发生。现在的研究提供了令人信服的证据，表明体力活动和肥胖与建筑环境、人的环境的人为属性，如人行道的存在和状况、资源的可获得性(医疗保健、食物、游乐场、公共交通)和可步行目的地的数量有关。然而，先前没有研究考虑建筑环境对癌症发病率的影响。结合从加州教师研究收集的调查数据，一个超过12万名女性的预期队列，从加州癌症登记处获得的乳腺癌临床信息，以及来自地理信息系统(GIS)的建筑环境特征，这将是第一个检验建筑环境影响BC风险这一假设的研究。为此，这项研究将1)确定与体力活动和肥胖有关的建筑环境的具体指标；2)测试这些建筑环境指标是否与BC的风险有关；3)确定与BC发生有关的其他因素，包括更年期状态和社会经济地位，是否改变这些联系。