HIV/AIDS and Orphan Care

艾滋病毒/艾滋病和孤儿护理

• 批准号: 6948040
• 负责人: KATHRYN WHETTEN
• 金额: $ 53.03万
• 依托单位: DUKE UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-08-01 至 2010-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6948040
• 关键词: AIDS; Africa; India; behavioral /social science research tag; caregivers; child care; child foster care /adoption; child psychology; clinical research; culture; early experience; emotional adjustment; focus groups; health surveys; human subject; interview; longitudinal human study; middle childhood (6-11); southeast Asia

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): AIDS worldwide has orphaned more than 15 million children under the age of 18. By 2010 an estimated 25 million children will be orphaned due to AIDS or 6% of all children in Sub-Saharan Africa. The South and Southeast Asian region has the second largest numbers of persons living with HIV/AIDS. India alone has and estimated 5.1 million adults living with HIV/AIDS. The need to understand factors influencing positive outcomes for orphans across and within cultures is pressing. To date, studies concerning the effects of the placement of orphans have been limited to: comparisons of orphanage versus community placement; small sample sizes; cross-cultural data; and single country studies. Such studies limit the ability to make causal inferences, overly simplify the importance of life events and current living characteristics, and do not account for cultural effects mediating placement outcomes, thereby limiting generalizability to other cultures. The focus of this 4-year longitudinal study is to examine the influence of life events, orphan placement characteristics, caregiver characteristics, and cultural characteristics on orphan: 1) behavioral and emotional adjustment; 2) cognitive adjustment; and 3) health status. 2,500 children and their caregivers will be surveyed and a contextual analysis performed in countries where the HIV epidemic has left some of the largest rates of children orphaned: Cambodia, Ethiopia, India, Kenya, and Tanzania, where a pilot study has been conducted by the researchers. The countries were chosen for their cultural diversity and because they have high proportions of children orphaned by AIDS. Children, ages 6-10 inclusive at baseline, who live in communities and institutions will be surveyed every 6 months for 3 years. Caregiver and institutional characteristics will be surveyed every year for 3 years. Central to the study is an anthropological qualitative component that will both help form questions in the first year of the grant and will later form the context from which we will analyze the data. The later will include detailed open-ended surveys with 20 children and 5 adult focus groups from each country, using grounded theory during the first year, followed by more structured surveys in the following: a minimum of 7 peer-reviewed manuscripts, 1 book, and a major policy document will result from this study. These documents will advise policy makers, programmers, and researchers on the caregiving and cultural characteristics that need consideration when planning for the care of orphaned children.

描述(由申请人提供)： 全世界有超过1500万名18岁以下儿童因艾滋病而成为孤儿。据估计，到2010年，将有2500万儿童因艾滋病而成为孤儿，占撒哈拉以南非洲所有儿童的6%。南亚和东南亚地区的艾滋病毒/艾滋病携带者人数位居第二。据估计，仅印度就有510万成年人感染艾滋病毒/艾滋病。迫切需要了解各种文化和文化内部影响孤儿积极结果的因素。迄今为止，关于安置孤儿的影响的研究仅限于：孤儿院与社区安置的比较；小样本；跨文化数据；以及单一国家研究。这类研究限制了做出因果推断的能力，过分简化了生活事件和当前生活特征的重要性，并且没有考虑到影响安置结果的文化效应，从而限制了对其他文化的概括性。这项为期4年的纵向研究的重点是考察生活事件、孤儿安置特征、照顾者特征和文化特征对孤儿的影响：1)行为和情绪适应；2)认知适应；3)健康状况。2500名儿童及其照顾者将接受调查，并在艾滋病毒流行导致儿童孤儿比例最高的国家进行背景分析：柬埔寨、埃塞俄比亚、印度、肯尼亚和坦桑尼亚，研究人员在这些国家进行了一项试点研究。这些国家之所以被选中，是因为它们的文化多样性，以及它们有很高比例的儿童因艾滋病成为孤儿。居住在社区和机构的6至10岁(含6至10岁)儿童将在3年内每6个月接受一次调查。照顾者和机构特征将在3年内每年进行一次调查。这项研究的核心是人类学的定性部分，这将有助于在赠款的第一年形成问题，并将在以后形成我们将分析数据的背景。后者将包括对每个国家的20名儿童和5个成人焦点小组进行的详细的开放式调查，在第一年使用扎根的理论，随后将在以下方面进行更有结构的调查：这项研究将产生至少7份同行评议的手稿、1本书和一份重要的政策文件。这些文件将向政策制定者、程序员和研究人员提供建议，说明在计划照顾孤儿时需要考虑的照料和文化特征。