The biomechanics of morphogenesis in the frog

青蛙形态发生的生物力学

• 批准号: 6871728
• 负责人: LANCE A. DAVIDSON
• 金额: $ 32.42万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF VIRGINIA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2005
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2005-01-01 至 2005-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6871728
• 关键词: Xenopus; bioimaging /biomedical imaging; biomechanics; cell cell interaction; cellular polarity; embryogenesis; histogenesis; mesoderm; microscopy; tissue support frame; vertebrate embryology; viscosity

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The goal of this proposal is to integrate the biomechanics of morphogenesis across a number of size-scales from subcellular generation of forces to the macroscopic forces and bulk tissue properties that guide convergence and extension in the developing frog embryo. We propose to address a series of questions that arise from a biomechanical analysis of mediolateral cell intercalation and its effects on tissue deformation and establish a toolkit for future biomechanical analyses of morphogenesis. What are the forces generated by polarized protrusions and how are they converted into mediolateral cell intercalation? This question concerns the cellular origin of force during gastrulation. To resolve these forces during gastrulation we will adapt "force-traction" microscopy techniques for use with frog embryo explants and combine images of traction-forces with high resolution imaging of cell protrusions during mediolateral cell intercalation in these explants. In order to understand how local force generation effects tissue movement we need to understand the mechanical context, i.e. the viscoelastic properties of tissues in the developing embryo and how they relate to tissue architecture. To identify key features of the 3D tissue architecture that are responsible for tissue material properties we propose to measure bulk mechanical properties of the dorsal mesoderm and assess with histology the features of the tissue architecture that are relevant. Lastly, we want to understand how the tissue architecture modulates conversion of protrusive activity into the bulk forces of tissue extension. In order to test hypotheses on the interactions between cell behaviors and tissue extension we propose to measure the force of extension of intact explants after treatments that alter protrusive activity, local force generation, or tissue material properties. The experimental framework established in this work will complement ongoing studies of the molecular regulators of convergence and extension by providing "nuts-and-bolts" models of morphogenesis with testable hypotheses. Our biomechanical approach will also address basic questions from the field of tissue engineering on the source of mechanical properties in embryonic tissues and presents a relevant case study of how embryos build a complex tissue.

描述（由申请人提供）：本提案的目标是整合形态发生的生物力学，从亚细胞产生的力到宏观的力和指导发育中的青蛙胚胎收敛和扩展的大块组织特性。我们建议解决一系列由中外侧细胞嵌入及其对组织变形的影响的生物力学分析引起的问题，并为未来形态发生的生物力学分析建立一个工具包。