Event-related changes in the electrocorticogram produced by language

语言产生的与事件相关的皮层电图变化

• 批准号: 7408296
• 负责人: Ryan Thomas Canolty
• 金额: $ 3.09万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-15 至 2010-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7408296
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Cognitive; Data; Electric Stimulation; Electrocorticogram; Epilepsy; Event; Frequencies; Human; Interneurons; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Mammals; Maps; Modeling; Motor; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Physiological; Play; Population; Process; Prosthesis; Public Health; Pyramidal Cells; Recovery of Function; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Surface; Theta Rhythm; Time; brain machine interface; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; improved; language processing; neurosurgery; research study; response; semantic processing; tumor growth

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The neuronal origins of human language remains an important unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience. In particular, neuroscientists lack a detailed physiological model of how widely-separated cortical areas coordinate their activity over multiple time-scales in order to enable language use. Evidence suggests, however, that neuronal oscillations play a key role in the large-scale integration and coordination of distinct brain regions. Oscillations of different frequencies are shaped by different populations of GABAergic interneurons that regulate the precise spike timing of pyramidal cells. Furthermore, neuronal oscillations in all mammals are associated with distinct behavioral states, sensory and motor processing, and cognitive operations such as the deployment of attention, working memory, navigation, and (in humans) language use. However, the exact mechanisms by which oscillatory activity relates to cognitive function remains unknown. Our experiments involve recording the electrical activity from the surface of the brain in patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment for epilepsy, and focus on 1) clarifying the role of the recently-described high gamma (HG, 80-160 Hz) band in cortical areas associated with language processing, and 2) describing the relation of HG to other brain rhythms, particularly in coordinating distinct brain regions. HG appears to be the most robust marker of fast local cortical activation in early sensory and motor areas yet found. The response of HG to task demands and stimulus events in higher-order sensorimotor or association areas needs to be clarified further. The specific aims of our proposal address this important knowledge gap. Our language task uses real verbs and acoustically-matched nonwords to isolate cortical areas associated with semantic processing, as opposed to purely auditory processing. This experiment will address competing hypotheses in cognitive neuroscience as well as provide data critical for improving the risky, decades-old process of functional electrical stimulation mapping of cortex prior to neurosurgery. More broadly, determining the spatio-temporal dynamics of HG activity in relation to experimental task demands, and how HG interacts with better understood functional frequency bands such as the beta (12-30 Hz) and theta rhythms (4-8 Hz), may lead to many public health advances such as faster, safer brain mapping prior to neurosurgery, identification of cortical areas rendered inoperative due to epileptic seizure foci or tumor growth, and recovery of function via brain-machine interface prosthetics.

描述(申请人提供)：人类语言的神经元起源仍然是认知神经科学中一个重要的悬而未决的问题。特别是，神经科学家缺乏一个详细的生理模型，来说明相隔很远的皮质区域如何在多个时间尺度上协调它们的活动，以便能够使用语言。然而，证据表明，神经元振荡在不同大脑区域的大规模整合和协调中发挥着关键作用。不同频率的振荡是由不同群体的GABA能中间神经元形成的，这些中间神经元调节锥体细胞的精确峰时。此外，所有哺乳动物的神经元振荡都与不同的行为状态、感觉和运动处理以及认知操作有关，如注意力的分配、工作记忆、导航和(在人类中)语言使用。然而，振荡活动与认知功能相关的确切机制仍不清楚。我们的实验包括记录接受神经外科手术治疗癫痫的患者大脑表面的电活动，并专注于1)澄清最近描述的高伽马(HG，80-160赫兹)波段在与语言处理相关的皮质区域中的作用，以及2)描述HG与其他大脑节律的关系，特别是在协调不同的大脑区域方面。HG似乎是已发现的早期感觉和运动区快速局部皮质激活的最强有力的标志。HG对高阶感觉运动区或联想区的任务要求和刺激事件的反应需要进一步阐明。我们提案的具体目标是解决这一重要的知识鸿沟。我们的语言任务使用真实的动词和声学匹配的非单词来分离与语义处理相关的皮质区域，而不是纯粹的听觉处理。这项实验将解决认知神经科学中相互竞争的假设，并提供关键数据，以改进神经外科手术前有风险的、已有数十年历史的皮质功能电刺激标测过程。更广泛地说，确定HG活动与实验任务需求相关的时空动态，以及HG如何与更好地理解的功能频段相互作用，如β(12-30赫兹)和theta节律(4-8赫兹)，可能会导致许多公共卫生方面的进步，如更快、更安全的神经外科手术前的脑定位，识别由于癫痫发作灶或肿瘤生长而无法手术的皮质区域，以及通过脑机接口假体恢复功能。