Event-related changes in the electrocorticogram produced by language

语言产生的与事件相关的皮层电图变化

• 批准号: 7578895
• 负责人: Ryan Thomas Canolty
• 金额: $ 1.05万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-02-15 至 2009-07-14
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7578895
• 关键词: Address; Area; Attention; Auditory; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Mapping; Brain region; Cognitive; Data; Electric Stimulation; Electrocorticogram; Epilepsy; Event; Frequencies; Human; Interneurons; Knowledge; Language; Lead; Mammals; Maps; Modeling; Motor; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Patients; Physiological; Play; Population; Process; Prosthesis; Public Health; Pyramidal Cells; Recovery of Function; Role; Sensory; Shapes; Short-Term Memory; Stimulus; Surface; Theta Rhythm; Time; brain machine interface; cognitive function; cognitive neuroscience; improved; language processing; neurosurgery; research study; response; semantic processing; tumor growth

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The neuronal origins of human language remains an important unsolved problem in cognitive neuroscience. In particular, neuroscientists lack a detailed physiological model of how widely-separated cortical areas coordinate their activity over multiple time-scales in order to enable language use. Evidence suggests, however, that neuronal oscillations play a key role in the large-scale integration and coordination of distinct brain regions. Oscillations of different frequencies are shaped by different populations of GABAergic interneurons that regulate the precise spike timing of pyramidal cells. Furthermore, neuronal oscillations in all mammals are associated with distinct behavioral states, sensory and motor processing, and cognitive operations such as the deployment of attention, working memory, navigation, and (in humans) language use. However, the exact mechanisms by which oscillatory activity relates to cognitive function remains unknown. Our experiments involve recording the electrical activity from the surface of the brain in patients undergoing neurosurgical treatment for epilepsy, and focus on 1) clarifying the role of the recently-described high gamma (HG, 80-160 Hz) band in cortical areas associated with language processing, and 2) describing the relation of HG to other brain rhythms, particularly in coordinating distinct brain regions. HG appears to be the most robust marker of fast local cortical activation in early sensory and motor areas yet found. The response of HG to task demands and stimulus events in higher-order sensorimotor or association areas needs to be clarified further. The specific aims of our proposal address this important knowledge gap. Our language task uses real verbs and acoustically-matched nonwords to isolate cortical areas associated with semantic processing, as opposed to purely auditory processing. This experiment will address competing hypotheses in cognitive neuroscience as well as provide data critical for improving the risky, decades-old process of functional electrical stimulation mapping of cortex prior to neurosurgery. More broadly, determining the spatio-temporal dynamics of HG activity in relation to experimental task demands, and how HG interacts with better understood functional frequency bands such as the beta (12-30 Hz) and theta rhythms (4-8 Hz), may lead to many public health advances such as faster, safer brain mapping prior to neurosurgery, identification of cortical areas rendered inoperative due to epileptic seizure foci or tumor growth, and recovery of function via brain-machine interface prosthetics.

描述（由申请人提供）：人类语言的神经元起源仍然是认知神经科学中未解决的重要问题。特别是，神经科学家缺乏一个详细的生理模型来说明广泛分离的皮层区域如何在多个时间尺度上协调它们的活动，以使语言使用成为可能。然而，有证据表明，神经元振荡在不同大脑区域的大规模整合和协调中发挥着关键作用。不同频率的振荡由不同的GABA能中间神经元群体形成，这些中间神经元调节锥体细胞的精确尖峰时间。此外，所有哺乳动物的神经元振荡都与不同的行为状态、感觉和运动处理以及认知操作（如注意力的部署、工作记忆、导航和（人类）语言使用）相关。然而，振荡活动与认知功能相关的确切机制仍然未知。我们的实验涉及记录接受神经外科治疗癫痫患者大脑表面的电活动，并专注于1）澄清最近描述的高伽马（HG，80-160 Hz）频带在与语言处理相关的皮层区域中的作用，以及2）描述HG与其他脑节律的关系，特别是在协调不同的脑区域中。HG似乎是迄今为止发现的早期感觉和运动区局部皮层快速激活的最强标记物，其对高阶感觉运动区或联想区的任务要求和刺激事件的反应需要进一步阐明。我们提案的具体目标是解决这一重要的知识差距。我们的语言任务使用真实的动词和声学匹配的非词来隔离与语义处理相关的皮层区域，而不是纯粹的听觉处理。这项实验将解决认知神经科学中相互竞争的假设，并提供关键数据，以改善神经外科手术前皮层功能性电刺激映射的风险，数十年的历史过程。更广泛地说，确定HG活动的时空动态与实验任务的要求，以及HG如何与更好地理解的功能频带，如β（12-30 Hz）和θ节律（4-8 Hz），可能会导致许多公共卫生进步，例如在神经外科手术之前更快，更安全的大脑映射，识别由于癫痫发作病灶或肿瘤生长而导致的皮质区域，以及通过脑机接口修复术恢复功能。