Implementation of a quantum information processor with limited resources

各个科学分支的最新进展已经导致了一种情况，即在原子水平上操纵特性-即量子工程/已经变得可行。这一成就产生了纳米技术和量子信息处理（QIP）科学等发展，人们普遍认为这些将构成21世纪新技术的基础。QIP旨在利用量子力学来改进信息的获取、传输和处理。近年来，在量子密码学、量子通信、量子计算和精密测量等应用的刺激下，这一领域出现了爆炸式的增长，所有这些应用都有超越经典应用的潜力。这项新技术还将为许多其他科学领域提供深入的见解，包括对光学、电子和固态器件的理解，进而提高它们在纳米尺度上的性能。这无疑会带来许多新的应用。我们的目标是进行一项研究，以找到一种最佳策略，以实现QIP设备与所有目前可用的技术可能。信息技术在许多方面提高了生活质量，在微芯片上设计的极小的电路随处可见。所有这些电路都是基于这样一个事实，即计算任务被数字化为0和1，然后根据特定的预先设计的算法通过一系列门操作进行处理。然而，到目前为止，对QIP的研究远比这更基础。例如，理论物理学家已经成功地回答了以下问题：是否存在一种通用的量子门操作？一个系统是如何被量子力学操纵的？如何让一个系统以量子力学的方式与另一个系统对话？如何在量子处理器中纠正错误？然而，一个可用的量子信息处理器的实现仍然很遥远。这是一个寻找新方法的建议，以便高效地实现量子信息处理器。我们的任务清单如下：1)确定实现量子器件的真正障碍是什么。2)研究如何保护量子信息器件免受有害噪声的影响。3)找到如何最小化控制和操作，以便在系统中有效地实现门操作。因此，这将提高我们在量子系统质量损失所施加的时间限制内执行更大任务的能力。由于量子设备非常小，通常很难随意处理每个设备，因此我们将研究在不处理单个设备的情况下控制系统的可能性。4)从长远来看，我们将研究一种被称为单向量子计算的QIP与不同量子力学公式之间的联系。单向计算可能为我们提供了一种将量子动力学视为仅由测量产生的方法。这可能会给我们提供另一种解决测量悖论的方法。

Recent advances in various branches of science have led to a situation where the manipulation of properties at the atomic level - that is, quantum engineering /has become feasible. This achievement has produced such developments as nanotechnology and quantum information processing (QIP) science, and it is widely recognised that these will form the basis of new technologies in the 21st century. QIP aims to exploit quantum mechanics to improve the acquisition, transmission and processing of information. This field has seen explosive growth in recent years, stimulated by the applications such as quantum cryptography, quantum communication, quantum computation and precision measurement, all of which have the potential to surpass their classical counterparts. This new technology will also provide deep insight into many other areas of science, including the understanding of optical, electronic and solid-state devices, and in turn enhancing their performance at the nanometer scale. This will undoubtedly lead to many new applications. Our objective is to undertake a research to find an optimum strategy to implement QIP devices with all currently available techniques possible. Information technology has improved the quality of life in many ways and extremely small circuits designed on microchips can be found everywhere. All these circuits are based on the fact that a computational task is digitised into 0 and 1, then processed by a series of gate operations according to a specific pre-designed algorithm. However, research in QIP has so far been much more fundamental than this. For example, theoretical physicists have successfully answered the questions: Is there a universal quantum gate operation? How can a system be quantum-mechanically manipulated? How can a system be made talk to another system in a quantum mechanical way? How is an error corrected in a quantum processor? However, the realisation of a usable quantum information processor is still far away. This is a proposal to look for new ways in order to realise a quantum information processor efficiently and effectively. The list of our tasks is as follows:1) To identify what the obstacles to implement a quantum device really are.2) To study how to protect a quantum information device from unwanted noise.3) To find how to minimise control and manipulation so that gate operations can be achieved in a system efficiently. This will thereby increase our ability to perform larger tasks within the time limit imposed by the loss of quality of the quantum system. As quantum devices are so small, it is normally extremely difficult to address each device at will, so we will work on the possibility of controlling the system without having to address single devices.4) In the long run, we will investigate the connections between a type of QIP known as one-way quantum computation and different formulations of quantum mechanics. One-way computation may offer us a way of viewing quantum dynamics as only generated by measurements. This could potentially present us with another way of resolving the measurement paradox.