Functional Organization of Visual Object Processing

视觉对象处理的功能组织

• 批准号: 7429655
• 负责人: ROGER B TOOTELL
• 金额: $ 50.28万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7429655
• 关键词: Amygdaloid structure; Anatomy; Animals; Anterior; Architecture; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Blindness; Body part; Brain; Categories; Classification; Clinical; Computer information processing; Discrimination; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Housing; Human; Ibotenic Acid; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Invasive; Laboratories; Lesion; Macaca; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurobiology; Neurons; Patients; Perception; Photic Stimulation; Postoperative Period; Primates; Process; Prosopagnosia; Psychophysics; Range; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Shapes; Specificity; Stimulus; Stream; Syndrome; Techniques; Testing; Tracer; Variant; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; area V1; base; behavior test; design; face perception; gaze; human subject; inferotemporal cortex; memory recognition; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; object perception; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; visual object processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): At high levels of the primate visual system (e.g. those involved in visual object processing, in the 'ventral stream' including inferotemporal cortex), we do not fully understand the neural processing. Existing evidence is based largely on 1) single unit recordings from macaque monkey, or from 2) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. Because such evidence arises from quite different techniques, in different primates, with different historical backgrounds, it can be difficult to integrate this information into a coherent understanding of how visual objects are processed in brain. Such information is especially important for the eventual understanding of autism, prosopagnosia and other agnosias, and schizophrenia. Here we propose to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in both humans and macaque monkeys, and anatomical techniques in monkeys, to narrow this information gap and to define the common functional architecture of 'primate' ventral stream. Among many possible object stimuli, we focus on specialized neural regions which appear to process faces. In aim #1, we will use a novel fMRI approach to map the activity produced by faces (and other objects), in humans and monkeys, to test how specific stimulus variations are mapped across the cortical topography. Current fMRI information on this topic is instead based on responses to multiple stimuli (object categories) and/or adaptation effects - rather than direct, high-resolution maps of activity produced by individual stimuli. In aim #2, we quantitatively compare the fMRI maps for face- and object-selective activity in humans and monkeys, to further test which of these cortical regions 'match' each other in the two species, and which do not. After testing and confirming that these face- and object-selective regions 'match', we can study them further using classical neurobiological techniques in the macaque (e.g. aims #3 and 4), as a model for corresponding regions in humans. In aim #3, we will use novel MRI-based techniques to map the neural connections to-and-from the face-selective cortical regions, relative to nearby regions which are activated by different objects. In aim #4, we will measure face perception using psychophysics in monkeys, and make lesions in the fMRI-defined face-selective regions, to test whether damage to the face-selective regions may explain the clinical syndrome of prosopagnosia (facial 'blindness') in human patients.

描述（由申请人提供）：在灵长类动物视觉系统的高水平（例如，参与视觉对象处理的那些，在包括下颞叶皮层的“腹侧流”中），我们不完全理解神经处理。现有的证据主要基于1）猕猴的单个单位记录，或2）人类的功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）。由于这些证据来自不同的技术，在不同的灵长类动物中，具有不同的历史背景，因此很难将这些信息整合到对大脑如何处理视觉对象的连贯理解中。这些信息对于最终理解自闭症、面容失认症和其他失认症以及精神分裂症尤其重要。在这里，我们建议使用功能性磁共振成像（fMRI）在人类和猕猴，和猴子的解剖技术，缩小这种信息差距，并定义“灵长类动物”腹侧流的共同功能架构。在许多可能的对象刺激，我们专注于专门的神经区域，似乎处理的面孔。在目标#1中，我们将使用一种新的功能磁共振成像方法来绘制人类和猴子的面部（和其他物体）产生的活动，以测试特定的刺激变化如何映射到皮层地形图上。目前关于这一主题的功能磁共振成像信息是基于对多个刺激（对象类别）和/或适应效应的反应，而不是直接的，由单个刺激产生的高分辨率活动图。在目标#2中，我们定量比较了人类和猴子的面部和物体选择活动的fMRI图，以进一步测试这两个物种中哪些皮层区域彼此“匹配”，哪些不匹配。在测试并确认这些面部和物体选择区域“匹配”之后，我们可以使用猕猴的经典神经生物学技术（例如目标3和4）进一步研究它们，作为人类相应区域的模型。在目标#3中，我们将使用基于MRI的新技术来映射与面部选择性皮层区域之间的神经连接，相对于由不同物体激活的附近区域。在目标#4中，我们将使用心理物理学测量猴子的面部感知，并在fMRI定义的面部选择性区域中进行损伤，以测试面部选择性区域的损伤是否可以解释人类患者的面孔失认症（面部“失明”）的临床综合征。