Functional Organization of Visual Object Processing

视觉对象处理的功能组织

• 批准号: 7860411
• 负责人: ROGER B TOOTELL
• 金额: $ 51.45万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2012-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7860411
• 关键词: Amygdaloid structure; Anatomy; Animals; Anterior; Architecture; Autistic Disorder; Behavioral; Blindness; Body part; Brain; Categories; Clinical; Discrimination; Eye; Face; Face Processing; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Housing; Human; Ibotenic Acid; Individual; Injection of therapeutic agent; Laboratories; Lesion; Macaca; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Maps; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Monkeys; Neurobiology; Neurons; Patients; Perception; Photic Stimulation; Postoperative Period; Primates; Process; Prosopagnosia; Psychophysics; Recovery; Recovery of Function; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Personnel; Resolution; Role; Sampling; Schizophrenia; Semantics; Shapes; Specificity; Stimulus; Stream; Syndrome; Techniques; Testing; Tracer; Variant; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; area V1; base; behavior test; design; face perception; gaze; human subject; inferotemporal cortex; information processing; memory recognition; microstimulation; neural circuit; neuromechanism; novel; novel strategies; object perception; programs; relating to nervous system; research study; response; visual object processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): At high levels of the primate visual system (e.g. those involved in visual object processing, in the 'ventral stream' including inferotemporal cortex), we do not fully understand the neural processing. Existing evidence is based largely on 1) single unit recordings from macaque monkey, or from 2) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in humans. Because such evidence arises from quite different techniques, in different primates, with different historical backgrounds, it can be difficult to integrate this information into a coherent understanding of how visual objects are processed in brain. Such information is especially important for the eventual understanding of autism, prosopagnosia and other agnosias, and schizophrenia. Here we propose to use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in both humans and macaque monkeys, and anatomical techniques in monkeys, to narrow this information gap and to define the common functional architecture of 'primate' ventral stream. Among many possible object stimuli, we focus on specialized neural regions which appear to process faces. In aim #1, we will use a novel fMRI approach to map the activity produced by faces (and other objects), in humans and monkeys, to test how specific stimulus variations are mapped across the cortical topography. Current fMRI information on this topic is instead based on responses to multiple stimuli (object categories) and/or adaptation effects - rather than direct, high-resolution maps of activity produced by individual stimuli. In aim #2, we quantitatively compare the fMRI maps for face- and object-selective activity in humans and monkeys, to further test which of these cortical regions 'match' each other in the two species, and which do not. After testing and confirming that these face- and object-selective regions 'match', we can study them further using classical neurobiological techniques in the macaque (e.g. aims #3 and 4), as a model for corresponding regions in humans. In aim #3, we will use novel MRI-based techniques to map the neural connections to-and-from the face-selective cortical regions, relative to nearby regions which are activated by different objects. In aim #4, we will measure face perception using psychophysics in monkeys, and make lesions in the fMRI-defined face-selective regions, to test whether damage to the face-selective regions may explain the clinical syndrome of prosopagnosia (facial 'blindness') in human patients.

描述(申请人提供)：在灵长类视觉系统的高水平(例如，那些参与视觉对象处理的系统，在包括颞叶下部皮质在内的‘腹侧流’中)，我们并不完全理解神经处理。现有的证据主要是基于1)猕猴的单个单位记录，或2)人类的功能磁共振成像(FMRI)。因为这些证据来自完全不同的技术，在不同的灵长类动物中，具有不同的历史背景，所以很难将这些信息整合到对视觉对象在大脑中是如何处理的连贯理解中。这些信息对于最终了解自闭症、人格失认症和其他失认症以及精神分裂症尤其重要。在这里，我们建议在人类和猕猴身上使用功能性磁共振成像(FMRI)，并在猴子身上使用解剖学技术，以缩小这种信息差距，并定义灵长类腹流的共同功能结构。在许多可能的物体刺激中，我们将重点放在似乎处理人脸的特定神经区域。在目标1中，我们将使用一种新的功能磁共振成像方法来绘制人类和猴子的面部(和其他物体)产生的活动图，以测试特定的刺激变化是如何在皮质地形图上映射的。目前关于这一主题的功能磁共振成像信息是基于对多个刺激(对象类别)和/或适应效应的反应，而不是单个刺激产生的直接、高分辨率的活动地图。在目标2中，我们对人类和猴子面部和物体选择活动的fMRI图进行了定量比较，以进一步测试这两个物种中这些皮质区域中哪些相互匹配，哪些不匹配。在测试和确认这些面部和对象选择区域“匹配”后，我们可以在猕猴身上使用经典的神经生物学技术(例如AIMS#3和AIMS#4)进一步研究它们，作为人类相应区域的模型。在目标3中，我们将使用基于MRI的新技术来映射与不同物体激活的附近区域相比，来往于面部选择性皮质区域的神经连接。在目标4中，我们将使用心理物理学测量猴子的面部知觉，并在fMRI定义的面部选择性区域进行损伤，以测试面部选择性区域的损伤是否可以解释人类患者的面孔失认症(面部失明)的临床症状。