Cortical Areas and Neural Connections Underlying Scene Processing

场景处理背后的皮质区域和神经连接

• 批准号: 8667450
• 负责人: ROGER B TOOTELL
• 金额: $ 45.19万
• 依托单位: MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2012
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2012-06-05 至 2016-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8667450
• 关键词: Agnosia; Animal Model; Anterior; Architecture; Area; Biological; Brain; Brain Injuries; Brain region; Categories; Cholera Toxin Protomer B; Code; Data; Dorsal; Environment; Face; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Gadolinium; Goals; Hippocampus (Brain); Homologous Gene; Human; Image; Label; Location; Macaca; Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Magnetism; Maps; Methods; Microelectrodes; Microinjections; Modeling; Monkeys; Names; Neurobiology; Neurologic; Neurons; Occipital Sulcus; Perception; Primates; Procedures; Process; Prosopagnosia; Relative (related person); Research; Rest; Sensory; Site; Stimulus; Stream; Surface; Syndrome; System; Techniques; Temporal Lobe; Testing; Tracer; Vision; Visual; Visual Cortex; Williams Syndrome; area V2; awake; base; design; developmental disease; electrical microstimulation; gadolinium oxide; human study; human subject; in vivo; insight; microstimulation; minimally invasive; neuroimaging; neuromechanism; nonhuman primate; novel; object motion; relating to nervous system; research study; retinotopic; visual process; visual processing; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): In human subjects, neuroimaging and other techniques have revealed that different regions of visual cortex respond specifically to distinct types of visual stimuli. For instance, faces selectively activate one specific set of brain regions, and scenes activate a different set, including the areas named 'PPA,' 'TOS' and 'RSC'. Understanding the function and connections of the regions that respond to scenes in the environment will provide fundamental insights about the overall strategies used by normal subjects to navigate and to perceive visual scenes. Moreover, brain damage to each of these cortical centers has been implicated in numerous neurological syndromes, including prosopagnosia, navigation agnosia and Williams Syndrome. Because the techniques available to study human subjects cannot reveal all of the basic neural mechanisms underlying the function of this network, animal models provide an essential means to understand the neural basis of the environmental perception. One goal of this proposal is to provide such a model. Our first goal (Aim #1) is to demonstrate the existence of three scene-responsive areas by using functional magnetic imaging (fMRI) in non-human primates, then to compare the cortical maps quantitatively, to show that the scene-responsive regions correspond across humans and monkeys. Based on our preliminary data, we anticipate successful completion of this aim. This will enable the use of classical, minimally invasive techniques (e.g. neural tracers) to clarify the specific circuits of scene processing (Aim #2). Three MRI-based techniques (including novel methods) will be used to trace the neural connections between each of these three areas in primates. The use of multiple tracing techniques will furnish integrated information about the cortical connections, and validate each of the techniques in a common system. Aim #2 will also answer specific questions about the neural connections underlying neural scene processing: do these three areas connect with each other, and/or with the dorsal (the 'what') stream, and/or multi-synaptically to the hippocampus, in which 'place-coding' neurons are well-known? In Aim #3, we will use fMRI to track sensory-driven information (in Aims #1/2) to higher brain levels in primate cortex, which are driven during scene recognition tasks. In humans, an identical recognition task produced robust activity in the cortical patches distinct from those produced in a face recognition task. Our hypothesis is that fMRI activity will be produced in homologous cortical areas, when monkeys are performing an equivalent recognition task. Successful completion of all aims will use different MRI-based methods to demonstrate a scene- processing network in alert primates, ranging from sensory-driven to task-driven, and the connections between these areas.

描述（由申请人提供）：在人类受试者中，神经成像和其他技术揭示了视觉皮层的不同区域对不同类型的视觉刺激有特异性反应。例如，面部选择性地激活一组特定的大脑区域，而场景激活不同的区域，包括名为“PPA”，“TOS”和“RSC”的区域。了解对环境中的场景做出反应的区域的功能和连接将提供关于正常受试者导航和感知视觉场景所使用的整体策略的基本见解。此外，对这些皮层中心中的每一个的脑损伤都与许多神经系统综合征有关，包括面孔失认症、导航失认症和威廉姆斯综合征。由于可用于研究人类受试者的技术不能揭示该网络功能的所有基本神经机制，动物模型提供了理解环境感知的神经基础的重要手段。本提案的一个目标是提供这样一个模式。 我们的第一个目标（目标#1）是通过使用功能磁共振成像（fMRI）在非人类灵长类动物中证明三个场景响应区域的存在，然后定量比较皮质地图，以显示场景响应区域在人类和猴子之间的对应。根据我们的初步数据，我们预计这一目标将圆满完成。 这将使得能够使用经典的微创技术（例如神经示踪剂）来阐明场景处理的特定电路（目标#2）。三种基于MRI的技术（包括新方法）将用于追踪灵长类动物这三个区域之间的神经连接。多种追踪技术的使用将提供有关皮层连接的综合信息，并在一个共同的系统中验证每种技术。目标2还将回答有关神经场景处理的神经连接的具体问题：这三个区域是否相互连接，和/或与背侧（“什么”）流连接，和/或与海马体多突触连接，其中“位置编码”神经元是众所周知的？ 在目标#3中，我们将使用功能性磁共振成像来跟踪灵长类动物皮层中更高的大脑水平的感觉驱动信息（在目标#1/2中），这些信息在场景识别任务中被驱动。在人类中，一个相同的识别任务在皮层补丁中产生了与面部识别任务不同的强大活动。我们的假设是，当猴子执行相同的识别任务时，功能磁共振成像活动将在同源的皮层区域产生。 所有目标的成功完成将使用不同的基于MRI的方法来展示警觉灵长类动物的场景处理网络，从感觉驱动到任务驱动，以及这些区域之间的联系。