Neural organization of eye movements in depth

深度眼球运动的神经组织

• 批准号: 7497024
• 负责人: CLAUDIO BUSETTINI
• 金额: $ 19.03万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ALABAMA AT BIRMINGHAM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2006
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2006-09-30 至 2011-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7497024
• 关键词: 3-Dimensional; Acceleration; Accounting; Address; Affect; Amblyopia; Animals; Area; Behavioral; Brain; Bypass; Cells; Clinical; Clinical Management; Code; Complex; Condition; Depth; Diagnosis; Diplopia; Discrimination; Disease; Environment; Eye; Eye Movements; Eyeglasses; Feedback; Fire - disasters; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Head; Human; Image; Intervention; Knowledge; Labyrinth; Laws; Lead; Left; Localized; Midbrain structure; Modeling; Monkeys; Motion; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Neurons; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Pathway interactions; Patients; Pattern; Phase; Population; Positioning Attribute; Primates; Principal Investigator; Process; Property; Reflex action; Relative (related person); Reporting; Research Personnel; Retinal; Rotation; Saccades; Semicircular canal structure; Signal Transduction; Smooth Pursuit; Source; Stimulus; Strabismus; Sum; System; Testing; Time; Translations; Vision; Visual; Visual Perception; base; gaze; improved; interest; medial rectus muscle; monocular; nerve supply; nonhuman primate; oculomotor; optic flow; orbit muscle; otoconia; programs; relating to nervous system; response; tool; vector

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Disconjugate oculomotor responses, where the two eyes rotate by different amounts, are often needed. Hering's law of equal innervation states that there are two groups of oculomotor commands. Conjugate commands rotate the eyes in the same amount in the same direction similarly to a yoked pair. Vergence commands control the angle between the eyes by rotating the eyes in same amount in the opposite direction. Any disconjugate eye rotation can be obtained by appropriate conjugate and vergence commands. Recent evidence shows that some disconjugate responses may be driven by independent left- and right-eye asymmetric commands, perhaps directly reaching the motor neurons outside the vergence pathway. Are these putative monocular signals functionally significant? We will address this question by estimating the percentage of disconjugate command encoded by the vergence system directly at the neuronal level. If Hering's law is correct, the vergence system must account for the entire disconjugate response, independently of the type of stimulus or the oculomotor system in which it was generated. These estimates will be done during: 1) voluntary transfers of gaze in depth between stationary targets; 2) voluntary smooth tracking of small objects moving in depth; 3) ultra-short latency reflexive visual stabilization responses; and 4) linear vestibulo-ocular responses. Neural targets for the single-unit recordings will be the vergence-related cells in midbrain. Binocular horizontal, vertical, and torsional eye movements will be recorded together with the neural activity of these cells. High-field anatomical and functional MRI will help localize these areas. Visual function is severely degraded by double vision. At least 4% of the US population is affected by long- term deficits in binocular alignment, such as strabismus and amblyopia. The understanding of how disconjugate commands are generated and delivered to the extraocular muscles is of critical importance in developing a correct clinical management of oculomotor disorders affecting binocular alignment, both as diagnosis of the source of the oculomotor deficit and the selection of the proper surgical or optical intervention. Knowledge of the neural substrate of these mechanisms will be a crucial tool in the understanding of the oculomotor adaptive processes that help a patient recalibrate his/her eye movement commands to regain, or at least partially improve, binocularity, which are poorly understood.

描述（由申请人提供）：经常需要分离动眼神经反应，即两只眼睛旋转不同的量。赫林平等神经支配定律指出，有两组动眼神经命令。共轭命令使眼睛沿相同方向旋转相同的量，类似于轭对。聚散命令通过以相反方向旋转相同的量来控制眼睛之间的角度。任何不共轭的眼睛旋转都可以通过适当的共轭和聚散命令来获得。最近的证据表明，一些分离反应可能是由独立的左眼和右眼不对称命令驱动的，可能直接到达聚散通路之外的运动神经元。这些假定的单眼信号有功能意义吗？我们将通过估计聚散系统直接在神经元水平编码的解共轭命令的百分比来解决这个问题。如果赫林定律是正确的，则聚散系统必须考虑整个解共轭反应，而与刺激类型或产生刺激的动眼系统无关。这些估计将在以下过程中完成：1）在固定目标之间自愿进行深度凝视转移； 2) 自主平滑跟踪深度移动的小物体； 3）超短潜伏期反射性视觉稳定反应； 4）线性前庭眼反应。单单元记录的神经目标将是中脑中与聚散度相关的细胞。双眼水平、垂直和扭转眼球运动将与这些细胞的神经活动一起被记录。高场解剖和功能 MRI 将有助于定位这些区域。复视会严重损害视觉功能。至少 4% 的美国人受到双眼排列长期缺陷的影响，例如斜视和弱视。了解解共轭命令如何产生并传递到眼外肌对于制定影响双眼对齐的动眼神经疾病的正确临床治疗至关重要，无论是诊断动眼神经缺陷的根源还是选择适当的手术或光学干预。了解这些机制的神经基础将是理解动眼适应过程的重要工具，帮助患者重新校准他/她的眼球运动命令，以恢复或至少部分改善双眼视力，而目前人们对此知之甚少。