Developmental Evaluation of Prevention Effects of the SAFE Children Intervention

描述(由申请人提供)：随着药物滥用风险的有效预防干预措施花名册的增加，预防研究人员对完善和阐述他们对干预效果的理解越来越感兴趣。除了记录干预组和对照组之间的平均结果差异外，研究人员越来越有兴趣更好地了解长期(远端)干预效果与即刻(近端)干预效果之间的关系。目前的建议是将这一观点应用于评估向居住在高风险(市中心)社区的家庭提供的两阶段、有效的预防性干预(安全儿童方案)对儿童进入小学的长期影响(至16岁)。在扩大数据收集和进行这些额外的数据分析时，我们的意图是将干预效果建模为发育变化，以帮助提供对预防影响的更详细的理解，通过建立在原始样本和之前的9个数据点的基础上，我们有四个具体目标：(1)估计安全儿童I和II干预措施的总体长期影响(在16岁时)，以减少使用药物的可能性、使用药物的程度和第一次使用药物的年龄；(2)检查早期干预效果和长期结果之间的关系；(3)检验干预前的条件和特征与干预的初始(近)和长期(远)效果的关系，检验干预过程中的环境和事件与初始和长期效果的关系，以及干预后的行为状态和条件和事件对即刻和长期效果之间关系的影响；以及(4)记录这一市中心样本中药物使用的发展轨迹，包括识别与反社会/犯罪行为和学业失败有关的轨迹，然后测试安全儿童I和II干预措施对这些轨迹中成员分布的影响。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): As the roster of efficacious preventive interventions for drug abuse risk grows, prevention researchers have become increasingly interested in refining and elaborating their understanding of intervention effects. In addition to documenting average outcome differences between intervention and control groups researchers are increasingly interested in better understanding how long term (distal) intervention effects are related to immediate (proximal) intervention effects. The present proposal is to apply this perspective to evaluating the long term impact (to age 16) of a two-stage, efficacious, preventive intervention (the SAFE Children program) offered to families residing in high risk (inner-city) communities, with a child entering elementary school. Our intent, in extending data collection and conducting these additional data analyses, is to model intervention effects as developmental alteration to help provide a more elaborate understanding of prevention impact, By building upon the original sampling and 9 previous points of data, we have four specific aims: (1) to estimate the overall long term effects (at age 16) of the SAFE Children I and II interventions for reducing the likelihood of substance use, the extent of substance use, and the age of first substance use; (2) to examine the relation between early intervention effects and long-term outcomes; (3) to test the relations of conditions and characteristics, pre-existing intervention, to initial (proximal) and long-term (distal) effects of the intervention, to test the relations of circumstances and events during the intervention to initial and long-term effects, and to test for the influence of post-intervention behavioral status and conditions and events on the relation between immediate and long-term effects; and (4) to document the developmental trajectories for substance use among this inner-city sample, including identification of trajectories related to antisocial/delinquent behavior and academic failure, and to then test for effects of the SAFE Children I and II interventions on distribution in membership across these trajectories.