Neuromuscular control of the mammalian tongue

哺乳动物舌头的神经肌肉控制

• 批准号: 7332278
• 负责人: Ralph Frank Fregosi
• 金额: $ 31.48万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-01-01 至 2011-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7332278
• 关键词: Address; Adult; Agonist; Animals; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Breathing; Cells; Cephalic; Code; Condition; Cranial Nerves; Data; Deglutition; Electromyography; Electrophysiology (science); Face; Feedback; Fiber; Figs - dietary; Fire - disasters; Goals; Homeostasis; Human; Individual; Intercostal Muscles; Laboratories; Mammals; Mastication; Measurement; Measures; Mechanical ventilation; Mechanics; Mechanoreceptors; Methods; Modeling; Motor; Motor Neurons; Movement; Muscle; Neuraxis; Neurons; Obstructive Sleep Apnea; Output; Pathway interactions; Pattern; Phase; Physiological; Physiology; Population; Positioning Attribute; Property; Rate; Rattus; Recruitment Activity; Relative (related person); Research Personnel; Respiration; Respiratory Diaphragm; Respiratory Muscles; Respiratory System; Rodent; Shapes; Skeletal Muscle; Source; Specificity; Speech; Spinal; Structure; Synapses; System; Techniques; Testing; Time; Tongue; Training; Variant; Work; base; central pattern generator; concept; driving behavior; expiration; falls; human data; in vivo Model; insight; knowledge base; motor control; motor deficit; pharynx muscle; pressure; receptor; relating to nervous system; research study; respiratory

The tongue muscles participate in such diverse activities as breathing, swallowing, speech and mastication, and are thus critical for homeostasis. Fibers from eight different muscles insert into the mammaliantongue and control its movement, shape and stiffness, but the control of tongue muscle motor units has been largely ignored. Our goal is to explore how the central nervous system controls a patterned behavior (drive controlled by the respiratory central pattern generator, CPG) that involves multiple muscles acting on a single mechanical structure, by addressing the following issues: 1) motoneurons driving tongue protrudor and retractor muscles receive significant common synaptic input even though they have opposite mechanical actions on the tongue, suggesting that agonist-antagonist co-activation controlstongue stiffness; 2) respiratory-related input to tongue and "primary" inspiratory muscles (diaphragm, intercostals) is derived from independent sources; 3) Models predict that motor unit spike trains become more variable as synaptic input to the cell is increased. This can be tested by measuring the change in spike train variability when excitatory synaptic input is superimposed on the underlying input emanating from the respiratory CPG; 4} Motor units innervating tongue muscles with respiratory related activity fall into two functional populations; those that rate code when drive to the muscle increases, and those that do not. Wepropose that the firing rate of motor units that do not rate code saturates despite increases in synaptic input; and we will test this hypothesis; 5) Individual motor units within a muscle comprise at least four, task-specific sub- populations (inspiratory, expiratory, tonic and expiratory-inspiratory units), and the task specificity of a given unit depends on its contractile properties. Experiments will be done in anesthetized, spontaneously breathing adult rats. Techniques used include single motor unit electrophysiology, cross correlation analysis and the measurement of ventilatory output. The results of these experimentswill contribute to the knowledge base needed to develop treatment strategies for obstructive sleep apnea, swallowingdisorders, and oro-facial motor deficits.

舌头肌肉参与各种各样的活动，如呼吸、吞咽、说话和咀嚼，