Vestibular Regulation of Respiratory Muscle Activity

各种实验方法已经证实，前庭系统有助于使 调节胸部和腹部呼吸泵肌肉以及 在运动和姿势改变时调节上呼吸道的阻力。然而，这些影响 是复杂的，因此前庭系统在调节空气运动中的生理作用 肺部的残留物还不清楚本提案的具体目标1将通过审查 双侧椎板切除术对交换空气的压力、体积和流速的影响 在吸气和呼气期间，因为身体相对于重力的取向改变。先前的实验 还表明，一些神经元，中继前庭信号呼吸运动神经元位于 内侧髓网状结构，但这些细胞不足以产生前庭呼吸 应答我们的解剖学研究和其他人的生理学研究表明， 运动前呼吸神经元位于脊髓中。具体目标2将检验脊柱 中间神经元是介导前庭系统对运动的影响的神经元回路中的元件 空气进出肺部的速度呼吸肌的模式化收缩也是导致 产生呕吐;前庭信号在与运动相关的呕吐期间触发这种运动活动 生病了然而，催吐的神经回路尚未建立，虽然最近 有证据表明，内侧髓质网状结构中的细胞是这一过程的重要组成部分。 通路具体目标3将检验内侧延髓网状结构神经元协调 呕吐是呼吸肌的模式放电，包括与呕吐有关的呕吐。 晕车总之，这些实验应该确定了谷胱甘肽信号的特殊作用， 用于调节呼吸肌的活动，以补偿重力对这些肌肉的影响。 肌肉、呼吸道和肺。此外，运动前区的位置和生理特征 神经元介导肾上腺素对呼吸运动神经元放电的影响，无论是在姿势改变 和呕吐的症状

A variety of experimental approaches have established that the vestibular system contributes to making adjustments in the activity of thoracic and abdominal respiratory pump muscles as well as muscles that regulate the resistance of the upper airway during movement and changes in posture. However, these effects are complex, such that the physiological role of the vestibular system in regulating the movement of air in and out of the lungs is not yet clear. Specific Aim 1 of the current proposal will determine this role by examining the consequences of a bilateral labyrinthectomy on the pressure, volume, and flow rate of air exchanged during inspiration and expiration as body orientation with respect to gravity is altered. Prior experiments have also shown that some of the neurons that relay vestibular signals to respiratory motoneurons are located in the medial medullary reticular formation, but that these cells are insufficient to produce vestibulo-respiratory responses. Our anatomical studies and physiological studies by others have revealed that additional premotor respiratory neurons are located in the spinal cord. Specific Aim 2 will test the hypothesis that spinal interneurons are elements in the neuronal circuit that mediates vestibular system influences on the movement of air in and out of the lungs. Patterned contractions of respiratory muscles are additionally responsible for producing vomiting; vestibular signals trigger this motor activity during emesis associated with motion sickness. However, the neural circuit that elicits vomiting has not yet been established, although recent evidence suggests that cells in the medial medullary reticular formation are important components in this pathway. Specific Aim 3 will test the hypothesis that medial medullary reticular formation neurons coordinate the patterned discharges of respiratory muscles that underlie vomiting, including emesis associated with motion sickness. Together, these experiments should establish the particular role that labyrinthine signals serve in adjusting the activity of respiratory muscles to compensate for the effects of gravity on these muscles, the airways, and the lungs. In addition, the location and physiological characteristics of premotor neurons that mediate labyrinthine influences on respiratory motoneuron firing, both during postural alterations and emesis, will be ascertained.