Quantum simulation using optical lattices

我们的目标是设计光学晶格中超冷原子和分子的性质，并使用这些精确控制的多体系统来模拟凝聚态物理学（CMP）中重要的强相关系统。因此，光学晶格实验的功能就像模拟量子计算机，并允许探索CMP系统本身无法达到的物理机制。最终的愿景是开发一个完整的“工具箱”，用于强相关系统的直接量子模拟（DQS）。目前对这种强有力的跨学科方法来解决基本量子多体问题的浓厚兴趣，部分是由该合作组织成员开展的工作激发的。例如，布洛赫教授在光学晶格中超流体到莫特绝缘体转变的首次实验观察中发挥了主导作用，这是在此类系统中建模CMP的一个主要例子。这是由Jaksch博士（与Zoller教授在因斯布鲁克合作时）从理论上预测的。这些想法最近在佛罗伦萨扩展到光学晶格中的受控无序和玻色玻璃相的生产。这次合作将激发理论和实验之间的进一步工作和合作。福特博士将继续这项关于无序的开创性工作，同时使用玻色子和费米子，包括时间依赖性研究。Foot教授的团队（牛津大学）将创建一个旋转的光学晶格来模拟磁场对类似凝聚态系统的应用，并测试Jaksch博士对高场分数量子霍尔效应的预测。布洛赫教授在美因茨的研究小组将在光学晶格中创造出异质偶极分子，并利用它们强的静电相互作用来实现自旋系统的DQS。牛津大学的Jaksch博士和因斯布鲁克的Daley博士的理论小组将使用最先进的技术来模拟实验系统，例如研究与时间相关的传输现象以及通过受控添加噪声来制备专门的多体状态的方法。

Our aim is to engineer the properties of ultracold atoms, and molecules, in optical lattices and so use these precisely controlled many-body systems to model important strongly-correlated systems from Condensed Matter Physics (CMP). Optical-lattice experiments thus function as analogue quantum computers, and allow exploration of physical regimes inaccessible in CMP systems themselves. The ultimate vision is to develop a complete 'toolbox' of methods for the direct quantum simulation (DQS) of strongly-correlated systems. The intense current interest in this powerful interdisciplinary approach to fundamental quantum many-body problems has been stimulated, in part, by work carried out by members of this Collaboration. For example, Professor Bloch played a leading role in the first experimental observation of the superfluid to Mott Insulator transition in an optical lattice, a prime example of modelling CMP in such systems. This was predicted theoretically by Dr Jaksch (while working with Professor Zoller in Innsbruck). These ideas were recently extended in Florence to controlled disorder in optical lattices, and production of a Bose glass phase.This Collaboration will stimulate further work and collaborations between theory and experiment. The ground-breaking work on disorder will be continued by Dr Fort, using both bosons and fermions, and including time-dependent studies. Professor Foot's team (Oxford) will create a rotating optical lattice to simulate the application of a magnetic field to the analogous Condensed Matter system, and test predictions of Dr Jaksch on the high-field Fractional Quantum Hall effect. Professor Bloch's group in Mainz will create heteronuclear dipolar molecules in an optical lattice and exploit their strong electrostatic interactions for DQS of spin systems. The theory groups of Dr Jaksch in Oxford and Dr Daley in Innsbruck, will use state-of-the-art techniques to model the experimental systems, e.g. studying time-dependent transport phenomena and methods for preparing specialised many-body states via controlled addition of noise.