Accommodation and Defocus in the Infant Visual System

婴儿视觉系统的调节和散焦

• 批准号: 7473551
• 负责人: T ROWAN CANDY
• 金额: $ 34.01万
• 依托单位: TRUSTEES OF INDIANA UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2008-03-01 至 2013-02-28
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7473551
• 关键词: Adult; Age-Months; Amblyopia; Automobile Driving; Behavior; Bilateral; Birth; Blur; Characteristics; Child; Complex; Condition; Conflict (Psychology); Coupled; Coupling; Cues; Development; Environment; Esotropia; Eye; Eyeglasses; Family history of; Financial compensation; Funding; Goals; Growth; Head; Human; Human Development; Hyperopia; Image; Individual; Infant; Infant Behavior; Intervention; Operative Surgical Procedures; Optics; Performance; Public Health; Range; Relative (related person); Research; Retinal; Risk; Role; Staging; Strabismus; Support System; System; Vision; Vision Disparity; Visual; Visual Cortex; Visual system structure; critical developmental period; emmetropization; experience; image registration; improved; infancy; neuroadaptation; postnatal; prevent; relating to nervous system; research study; response; size; treatment effect; vision development

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The postnatal development of both the optical and neural visual systems is dependent on visual experience. Visual experience is defined by the information available in the retinal images in the two eyes. The goal of the proposed research is to extend our previous examination of retinal image quality in one eye during infancy to full binocular viewing conditions. We will examine human infants' visual experience in the context of image clarity and image alignment, which are primarily defined by accommodation and vergence responses and their interaction. These studies will document the emergence of the interaction between accommodation and vergence and their role in the development of refractive and accommodative strabismus. There are three specific aims: i) To understand the normal maturation of the relationship between accommodation and vergence with emmetropisation and growth of the distance between the eyes. ii) To determine the relative bias towards accommodation or vergence accuracy during the critical period of human development. iii) To understand the effects of accommodation and vergence behavior on visual experience of infants and children with high hyperopia or strabismus. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will determine how young infants and children manage apparently conflicting focusing and eye alignment demands during typical development. It will also investigate why some children develop refractive or accommodative strabismus while others, with apparently matching visual systems, do not. The goal is to develop intervention strategies to prevent this strabismus and associated amblyopia.

描述（由申请人提供）：光学和神经视觉系统的出生后发育取决于视觉经验。视觉体验由两只眼睛中视网膜图像中可用的信息定义。这项研究的目的是将我们以前对婴儿期单眼视网膜图像质量的检查扩展到完全的双目视觉条件。我们将在图像清晰度和图像对齐的背景下研究人类婴儿的视觉体验，这主要是由调节和聚散反应及其相互作用定义的。这些研究将记录调节和聚散之间的相互作用的出现，以及它们在屈光性斜视和屈光性斜视的发展中的作用。有三个具体目标：i）了解调节和聚散与正视化和眼间距离增长之间关系的正常成熟。ii）确定在人类发育的关键时期对调节或聚散准确性的相对偏差。（3）了解调节和聚散行为对高度远视或斜视婴幼儿视觉体验的影响。公共卫生相关性：这个项目将确定在典型的发展过程中，幼儿和儿童如何管理明显冲突的聚焦和眼睛对准需求。它还将调查为什么有些儿童发展屈光性或屈光性斜视，而其他人，显然匹配的视觉系统，没有。目的是制定干预策略，以防止这种斜视和相关的弱视。