Accommodation and Defocus in the Infant Visual System

项目摘要/摘要： 人类视觉系统的后天发育依赖于视觉体验。视觉异常 婴儿期和儿童期的经历可能会导致眼睛斜视和斜视 弱视。这项拟议的研究的目标是了解视觉系统如何利用其可用的 在婴儿期和幼年早期协调眼球对准和焦点的自然体验，在 预防这些临床情况的背景。有两个相互关联的项目： I)了解如何使用视野中的深度信息来协调眼睛对齐 和出生后早期发育的焦点，以及早期临床疾病是如何常见的 童年可能会破坏这种协调。 Ii)了解穿过视场的哪种图像结构能够驱动共轭 在出生后早期发育中定位眼球运动，以及双眼方面是如何 常见的临床疾病可能会扰乱运动。 这些项目将测试假设并建立模型来确定条件的数量，例如 屈光参差可作为人类出生后年龄的一种功能来扰乱眼球运动控制。上一首 聚焦调节反应和趋同集中反应发展的研究 集中在中央视野的2D刺激上，而大脑需要充分发挥作用 野外、动态、立体的自然环境，才能让患者发展出典型的视力。它 是这种视觉环境和视网膜视觉体验的质量之间的相互作用 控制可以提供定义患者依赖经验的发育的机制。结果将会是 提供一)预防弱视和斜视的循证临床指南 对视觉发展的生物启发模拟的限制。

Project Summary/Abstract: Postnatal development of the human visual system is dependent on visual experience. Abnormal visual experience during infancy and childhood can lead to strabismic misalignment of the eyes and amblyopia. The goal of the proposed research is to understand how the visual system uses its available natural experience to coordinate eye alignment and focus during infancy and early childhood, in the context of prevention of these clinical conditions. There are two interrelated projects: i) To understand how depth information across the visual field can be used to coordinate eye alignment and focus during early postnatal development, and how common clinical disorders during early childhood can disrupt that coordination. ii) To understand which image structure across the visual field is capable of driving a conjugate orienting eye movement during early postnatal development, and how the binocular aspects of that movement can be disrupted by common clinical disorders. These projects will test hypotheses and build models to determine the amounts of conditions such as anisometropia that can disrupt ocular motor control as a function of human postnatal age. Previous studies of the development of focusing accommodation responses and aligning vergence responses have concentrated on 2D stimuli in the central visual field, while the brain needs to function in the full field, dynamic, three-dimensional natural environment in order for a patient to develop typical vision. It is the interaction between this visual environment and the quality of retinal visual experience that motor control can provide that defines a patient’s experience-dependent development. The results will provide i) evidence-based clinical guidelines for the prevention of amblyopia and strabismus ii) constraints for biologically-inspired simulations of the development of vision.