Accommodation and Defocus in the Infant Visual System

描述(申请人提供)：视觉和神经视觉系统的后天发育都依赖于视觉体验。视觉体验是由两只眼睛的视网膜图像中可获得的信息定义的。这项拟议的研究的目标是将我们先前对婴儿期单眼视网膜图像质量的检查扩展到全双目视觉条件下。我们将在图像清晰度和图像对齐的背景下检查人类婴儿的视觉体验，这主要由调节和收敛反应及其相互作用来定义。这些研究将记录调节和收敛之间的相互作用的出现，以及它们在屈光性和调节性斜视发展中的作用。有三个具体的目标：i)了解调节和集中与正视和眼睛距离的增长之间的关系的正常成熟。二)确定在人类发展的关键时期对适应或收敛精度的相对偏向。3)了解调节和集中行为对高度远视或斜视婴幼儿视觉体验的影响。公共卫生相关性：该项目将确定婴儿和儿童在典型发育过程中如何处理明显冲突的聚焦和眼球对准要求。它还将调查为什么一些儿童会患上屈光性或调节性斜视，而其他视觉系统明显匹配的儿童则不会。其目标是开发干预策略来预防这种斜视和相关的弱视。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): The postnatal development of both the optical and neural visual systems is dependent on visual experience. Visual experience is defined by the information available in the retinal images in the two eyes. The goal of the proposed research is to extend our previous examination of retinal image quality in one eye during infancy to full binocular viewing conditions. We will examine human infants' visual experience in the context of image clarity and image alignment, which are primarily defined by accommodation and vergence responses and their interaction. These studies will document the emergence of the interaction between accommodation and vergence and their role in the development of refractive and accommodative strabismus. There are three specific aims: i) To understand the normal maturation of the relationship between accommodation and vergence with emmetropisation and growth of the distance between the eyes. ii) To determine the relative bias towards accommodation or vergence accuracy during the critical period of human development. iii) To understand the effects of accommodation and vergence behavior on visual experience of infants and children with high hyperopia or strabismus. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project will determine how young infants and children manage apparently conflicting focusing and eye alignment demands during typical development. It will also investigate why some children develop refractive or accommodative strabismus while others, with apparently matching visual systems, do not. The goal is to develop intervention strategies to prevent this strabismus and associated amblyopia.