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Modelling mixed flow conditions within building and local drainage systems

对建筑和当地排水系统内的混合流动条件进行建模

基本信息

批准号：
EP/F029047/1
负责人：
Grant Wright
金额：
$ 28.43万
依托单位：
Heriot-Watt University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2008
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2008 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FF029047%2F1
关键词：
Modelling mixed flow conditions within

项目摘要

Piped drainage systems form the backbone of urban drainage infrastructure, both in terms of foul and surface water drainage. The piped systems located in the upstream reaches of urban drainage networks include those installed within buildings and those local systems that connect buildings and their curtilages to the main sewer network; examples of local systems range from those serving a single residential property to those draining large retail parks. The purpose of this research is to improve the simulation of flow conditions within such systems, and hence facilitate the development of the integrated design methodologies required to meet the extra demands associated with the future impacts of climate change and water conservation measures.Flow conditions within building and local drainage systems are often complex, partly due to the highly unsteady nature of system inflows and partly due to their relatively complex and compact layouts; in particular, such systems commonly experience mixed flow conditions, characterised by both free surface and full bore flow regions separated by a hydraulic jump. In spite of this complexity, and the underlying importance of such systems to all sections of society, there are currently no numerical models available to accurately simulate the full range of mixed flow conditions that occur within building and local drainage systems. Without the ability to simulate such conditions, the challenges presented by system design to accommodate transitional flows can not be fully understood, and thus performance benefits remain unrealised. Whilst this situation is undesirable under current loading conditions, the consequences of these shortcomings is bound to increase in the future. It is now generally accepted that climate change will increase the frequency and severity of extreme rainfall events, and will hence result in increased surcharging of drainage systems conveying stormwater. Additional demands will also be placed on building and local drainage infrastructure due to changing demographics, increasing urbanisation and decreasing confidence in the long term viability of existing water supplies; these factors will lead to an increased emphasis on water conservation, as already highlighted by imminent changes to UK Building Regulations (which are likely to set minimum standards for water efficiency within buildings). There is clearly a very real need for enhanced tools to enable the wide range of stakeholders to develop the type of integrated designs necessary to meet both current and future performance requirements. The proposed research aims to meet this need by developing improved simulation models. The project will commence with a benchmarking exercise to assess the state of the art of mixed flow modelling. This will include the identification and experimental quantification of the key physical process, as well as a thorough assessment of existing techniques and their suitability to building and local drainage applications. These initial investigations will help drive model development activities, which will concentrate on formulating a novel numerical technique for the simulation of mixed flow conditions within small-medium diameter piped drainage systems (up to approximately 200mm). The developed technique will be incorporated into 1-D finite difference models for the simulation of conditions within building and local drainage systems. Dissemination of project findings will be critical in order to persuade relevant stakeholders of the benefits associated with the developed techniques and models, and to encourage uptake of the project recommendations and tools. In addition to traditional academic dissemination routes (journal and conference papers), project outcomes will also be publicised to a wider audience through presentations and seminars to professional bodies, industry organisations and wider research initiatives.

管道排水系统构成了城市排水基础设施的支柱，无论是在污水排放方面还是在地表水排放方面。位于城市排水管网上游的管道系统包括安装在建筑物内的管道系统，以及将建筑物及其宅邸连接到主要下水道网络的本地系统；本地系统的例子从为单一住宅物业提供服务的系统到为大型零售公园排水的系统。这项研究的目的是改进对这类系统内流动状况的模拟，从而促进开发所需的综合设计方法，以满足与未来气候变化和节水措施相关的额外需求。建筑物和当地排水系统内的流动状况通常是复杂的，部分原因是系统流入的高度不稳定，部分原因是其布局相对复杂和紧凑；尤其是，这类系统通常经历混合流动条件，其特征是自由面和全径流区被水力跃变隔开。尽管这种系统很复杂，而且这种系统对社会各阶层都很重要，但目前还没有可用的数值模型来准确模拟建筑物和当地排水系统内发生的各种混合流动情况。如果不具备模拟这些条件的能力，就不能完全理解系统设计以适应过渡流量所带来的挑战，因此性能优势仍未实现。虽然这种情况在目前的装载条件下是不可取的，但这些缺陷的后果在未来肯定会增加。现在人们普遍认为，气候变化将增加极端降雨事件的频率和严重程度，因此将导致输送雨水的排水系统超负荷。由于人口结构的变化、城市化程度的提高以及对现有供水长期可行性的信心下降，对建筑和当地排水基础设施的需求也将增加；这些因素将导致对节水的更多重视，英国即将出台的建筑法规(可能会设定建筑物内用水效率的最低标准)已经突显了这一点。显然，确实需要加强工具，使广泛的利益攸关方能够开发满足当前和未来性能要求所需的综合设计。提出的研究旨在通过开发改进的仿真模型来满足这一需求。该项目将首先进行基准测试，以评估混流模型的技术水平。这将包括关键物理过程的确定和实验量化，以及对现有技术及其是否适合建筑和当地排水应用的彻底评估。这些初步研究将有助于推动模型开发活动，这些活动将集中于制定一种新的数值技术，用于模拟中小直径管道排水系统(最大可达200 mm)内的混合流动条件。开发的技术将被合并到一维有限差分模型中，用于模拟建筑物和当地排水系统的条件。传播项目调查结果将是至关重要的，以便说服相关利益攸关方相信所开发的技术和模型所带来的好处，并鼓励采用项目建议和工具。除了传统的学术传播途径(期刊和会议论文)外，项目成果还将通过向专业团体、行业组织和更广泛的研究活动进行演讲和研讨会向更广泛的受众宣传。