Visual and Behavioural Fidelity of Virtual Humans with Applications to Bystander Intervention in Violent Emergencies

虚拟人的视觉和行为保真度及其在暴力紧急情况下旁观者干预中的应用

• 批准号: EP/F030215/1
• 负责人: Mark Levine
• 金额: $ 25.78万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2008
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2008 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=EP%2FF030215%2F1
• 关键词: Visual; Behavioural; Fidelity; Virtual; Humans

The aim of this project is to dramatically improve the quality of immersive social virtual environments (IVEs). By 'quality' we refer to the response of participants to virtual social situations, in particular the extent to which they respond realistically to what they perceive. By 'response' we mean at every measurable level, ranging from non-conscious physiological processes (such as changes in electrodermal activity or heart rate variability) through to overt behavioural, emotional and cognitive responses / including what they report in interviews about their subjective state of mind. By social IVEs we specifically refer to applications where one or more human participants interact with virtual humanoid characters (avatars) in a socially defined context. Specifically, our objectives are to improve the visual appearance of interactive characters and their interactive behaviour especially so that their behaviour responds appropriately to the behaviour of the participants. Third, social IVEs will be constructed that are well-studied in the social psychology literature, and which are of great societal importance, referred to as bystander behaviour in violent emergencies such as in street violence. Finally, these virtual social situations will be used in a series of experimental studies in order to test whether indeed these objectives do improve the quality of response of participants within these social IVEs.One of our goals is to exploit our research in socially useful applications, and thereby also contribute to the growing body of research that uses VEs as a laboratory for social psychological research. In particular we consider the research program of Levine and colleagues at Lancaster on bystander behaviour in violent emergencies. This research program revisits the classic 'bystander effect' in social psychology. The bystander effect suggests that the more witnesses there are to an emergency, the less likely an individual bystander is to intervene. This phenomenon was identified as a consequence of the apparent inaction of 38 witnesses to the brutal rape and murder of Kitty Genovese in New York in 1964. The bystander effect is one of the most robust and reproduced effects in social psychology. However, it lacks practical utility, since for ethical and practical reasons it is not possible to study it scientifically under controlled conditions. In this project we aim to study the bystander effect in the context of virtual environments, where other work has shown that people do tend to respond realistically to virtual social situations.

该项目的目标是显着提高沉浸式社交虚拟环境 (IVE) 的质量。我们所说的“质量”是指参与者对虚拟社交情境的反应，特别是他们对自己的感知做出现实反应的程度。我们所说的“反应”是指每个可测量的水平，从无意识的生理过程（例如皮肤电活动的变化或心率变异性）到明显的行为、情绪和认知反应/包括他们在采访中报告的有关主观心理状态的内容。社交 IVE 特指一个或多个人类参与者在社交定义的环境中与虚拟人形角色（化身）进行交互的应用程序。具体来说，我们的目标是改善交互角色的视觉外观及其交互行为，特别是使他们的行为对参与者的行为做出适当的反应。第三，将构建在社会心理学文献中得到充分研究的社会IVE，并且具有重大的社会重要性，被称为暴力紧急情况（例如街头暴力）中的旁观者行为。最后，这些虚拟社交情境将用于一系列实验研究，以测试这些目标是否确实提高了这些社交 IVE 中参与者的反应质量。我们的目标之一是在社会有用的应用中利用我们的研究，从而为越来越多的使用 VE 作为社会心理学研究实验室的研究做出贡献。我们特别考虑了莱文和兰卡斯特同事关于暴力紧急情况下旁观者行为的研究项目。该研究项目重新审视社会心理学中经典的“旁观者效应”。旁观者效应表明，紧急情况的目击者越多，单个旁观者干预的可能性就越小。这种现象被认为是 1964 年纽约基蒂·吉诺维斯 (Kitty Genovese) 惨遭强奸和谋杀的 38 名目击者明显无所作为的结果。旁观者效应是社会心理学中最强烈、最容易复制的效应之一。然而，它缺乏实用性，因为出于伦理和实践原因，不可能在受控条件下对其进行科学研究。在这个项目中，我们的目标是研究虚拟环境中的旁观者效应，其他工作表明人们确实倾向于对虚拟社交情境做出现实的反应。

项目成果

Bystander Affiliation Influences Intervention Behavior: A Virtual Reality Study

旁观者归属影响干预行为：虚拟现实研究

• DOI: 10.1177/21582440211040076
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: SAGE Open
• 影响因子: 2
• 作者: Rovira A

Bystander responses to a violent incident in an immersive virtual environment.

• DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0052766
• 发表时间: 2013
• 期刊: PloS one
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Slater M;Rovira A;Southern R;Swapp D;Zhang JJ;Campbell C;Levine M
• 通讯作者: Levine M

Social identity, group processes, and helping in emergencies

• DOI: 10.1080/10463283.2014.892318
• 发表时间: 2013-12-01
• 期刊: EUROPEAN REVIEW OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY
• 影响因子: 7.2
• 作者: Levine, Mark;Manning, Rachel
• 通讯作者: Manning, Rachel