The flight of wind borne debris / an experimental, analytical and numerical investigation

2004年3月下旬发生的风暴(重现期相对较短，只有一两年)清楚地表明，城市地区易受风灾破坏。在各个城市，许多树木和广告牌都出现了故障，导致英国铁路和公路网大范围中断。这些风暴中存在的风携带的碎片，既是由于街道上的大型家具/树木失灵，也是由于地面上未固定的物品被抬到空中，造成了严重的破坏和破坏。例如，在萨福克洛韦斯托夫特附近的布伦德斯顿，有一人死于风携带的碎片，两人死于被树的部分直接击中(BBC，2004b)。不幸的是，这些事件并不少见。例如，由于2000年10月早些时候的风暴，在大致相同的返回期内，有几人死亡，两人受重伤。在最近的伯明翰龙卷风中，建筑物的大部分损坏，以及许多人的受伤，都是因为飞来的碎片。即使在较小的风暴中，风携带的碎片也可能是一个严重的问题。该项目的目标是对飞行在空气中的仪表化碎片进行一系列测量。从这些试验中获得的数据将用于改进和开发对设计者有用的数值模型。

The storms that occurred in late March 2004 (with a relatively short return period of one or two years) clearly illustrate the vulnerability of urban areas to wind induced damaged. In various urban conurbations numerous trees and advertising hoardings failed, causing widespread disruption to the UK rail and road network. The wind borne debris present in these storms, due to both the failure of large items of street furniture/trees and unsecured items on the ground being lifted into the air, caused serious damage and destruction. For example, one person was killed as a result of wind-borne debris in Leicester and two died as a direct result of being hit by parts of a tree in Blundeston, near Lowestoft in Suffolk (BBC, 2004b). Unfortunately these events are not uncommon. For example as a result of the earlier storms of October 2000, with roughly the same return period, several people died and two were seriously injured. In the recent Birmingham Tornado much of the damage to buildings, and many of the injuries to people, occurred because of flying debris. Even in minor wind storms wind-borne debris can be a significant problem.This project aims to undertake a series of measurements on instrumented items of debris as they fly through the air. The data obtained from these tests will be used to improve and develop numerical models which will be of use to designers.