DEFAULT-MODE FUNCTION AND TASK-INDUCED DEACTIVATION IN CHILDREN

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 简介：在成年人中，包含功能性连接的静息状态默认模式网络（DMN）的区域似乎与以任务诱导的血氧水平依赖性（BOLD）信号降低为特征的区域相同。当个体安静地躺在扫描仪中时，独立成分分析可以用来产生DMN的图像。认知负荷被参数化调节的条件之间的对比可以描绘出响应高要求任务条件而激活减少的神经结构。检查这些网络在多大程度上支持可分离的大脑基质，以及它们在多大程度上重叠，可以深入了解它们的目的、功能及其关联的性质。很少有研究对儿童的DMN进行过研究，也没有人测试过在静息状态下构成DMN的神经区域是否与儿童从事认知任务时活动减少的区域相同。 具体目标：在本文中，我们描述的区域，显示任务相关的减少和自发的内在活动在休息的儿童，我们研究这些网络的共同定位。我们描述了7-12岁儿童的DMN与成人的DMN相似和不同的方式;此外，我们记录了儿童任务诱导的失活和默认模式静息态活动共享共同的神经基质。

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. Introduction: The regions that comprise the functionally connected resting-state default-mode network (DMN) in adults appear to be the same as those that are characterized by task-induced decreases in blood-oxygen-level-dependent (BOLD) signal. Independent component analysis can be used to produce a picture of the DMN as an individual rests quietly in the scanner. Contrasts across conditions in which cognitive load is parametrically modulated can delineate neural structures that have decreases in activation in response to high-demand task conditions. Examination of the degree to which these networks subsume dissociable brain substrates, and of the degree to which they overlap, provides insight concerning their purpose, function, and the nature of their associations. Few studies have examined the DMN in children, and none have tested whether the neural regions that comprise the DMN during a resting condition are the same regions that show reduced activity when children engage in cognitive tasks. Specific Aims: In this paper we describe regions that show both task-related decreases and spontaneous intrinsic activity at rest in children, and we examine the co-localization of these networks. We describe ways in which the DMN in 7-12-year-old children is both similar to and different from the DMN in adults; moreover, we document that task-induced deactivations and default-mode resting-state activity in children share common neural substrates.