LATERALIZATION OF WORKING MEMORY PROCESSING IN DEVELOPMENT

工作记忆处理的偏侧化发展

• 批准号: 7601903
• 负责人: Moriah E Thomason
• 金额: $ 2.3万
• 依托单位: STANFORD UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2007
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2007-06-01 至 2008-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7601903
• 关键词: Adult; Age; Analysis of Variance; Appearance; Behavioral; Brain; Brain Injuries; Cerebral Dominance; Cerebral hemisphere; Child; Computer Retrieval of Information on Scientific Projects Database; Data; Development; Elderly; Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging; Funding; Grant; Human; Institution; Language; Language Disorders; Left; Maintenance; Measures; Neuro-Oncological Ventral Antigen 2; Participant; Research; Research Personnel; Resources; Scanning; Short-Term Memory; Side; Source; Structure; Time; United States National Institutes of Health; aphasic; hemisphere damage; memory process; neuroimaging; research study; trend

This subproject is one of many research subprojects utilizing the resources provided by a Center grant funded by NIH/NCRR. The subproject and investigator (PI) may have received primary funding from another NIH source, and thus could be represented in other CRISP entries. The institution listed is for the Center, which is not necessarily the institution for the investigator. The human brain is separated into two distinct cerebral hemispheres. The two sides of the brain are similar in appearance, and every structure in each hemisphere is mirrored on the other side, yet despite these strong similarities, many functions of each cortical hemisphere are different. Functional neuroimaging research studies have frequently described hemispheric asymmetry reduction in elderly adults. Neuroimaging studies of the developmental trajectory of hemispheric specialization, however, are somewhat limited, and those that exist are contradictory. It has been assumed for a long time that children develop brain lateralization with age. Strong evidence for increased specialization comes from child aphasics (children who lose language abilities because of brain damage) recover from left hemisphere damage more sharply than adults do, and right hemisphere damage seems as likely to result in language deficits as left hemisphere damage. Our research asks if young children (ages 7-12) are lateralized in the same way as older children and adults? fMRI scanning was used to measure brain activity in 14 children and 13 adults (ages 20-29) as they performed spatial and verbal working memory tasks. Behaviorally, the effects of material-type were examined using a 2 x 2 x 3 ANOVA of material x group x load for accuracy across maintenance trials. Adults were more accurate (F (1, 25) = 34.15, p < 0.001) than children. Participants were less accurate at higher loads (main effect of load, F (2, 50) = 41.76, p < 0.001). There was a trend for participants to be less accurate for the spatial (x = 80.8%) than for the verbal (x = 83.6%) WM task, F (1, 25) = 4.09, p < 0.06. The material x group interaction was non-significant (p = 0.17). Together, these behavioral data point to the fact that there are major developmental differences in how fast and accurately children perform.

这个子项目是许多研究子项目中的一个 由NIH/NCRR资助的中心赠款提供的资源。子项目和 研究者（PI）可能从另一个NIH来源获得了主要资金， 因此可以在其他CRISP条目中表示。所列机构为 研究中心，而研究中心不一定是研究者所在的机构。 人脑分为两个不同的大脑半球。大脑的两侧在外观上是相似的，每个半球的每一个结构都在另一侧镜像，然而，尽管有这些强烈的相似性，每个皮质半球的许多功能是不同的。功能性神经影像学研究经常描述老年人大脑半球不对称性的减少。大脑半球专门化的发展轨迹的神经影像学研究，但是，有些有限，那些存在的是矛盾的。很长一段时间以来，人们一直认为儿童随着年龄的增长而发展大脑侧化。儿童失语症（因脑损伤而丧失语言能力的儿童）从左半球损伤中恢复的速度比成年人快，而右半球损伤似乎与左半球损伤一样可能导致语言缺陷。我们的研究问的是，幼儿（7-12岁）是否与年长的儿童和成人一样侧化？使用fMRI扫描测量了14名儿童和13名成人（年龄20-29岁）在执行空间和言语工作记忆任务时的大脑活动。在行为上，使用材料x组x负载的2 x 2 x 3 ANOVA检查材料类型的影响，以获得维持试验的准确度。成人比儿童更准确（F（1，25）= 34.15，p < 0.001）。参与者在较高负荷下的准确性较低（负荷的主效应，F（2，50）= 41.76，p < 0.001）。有一种趋势是参与者对空间（x = 80.8%）的准确性低于言语（x = 83.6%）WM任务，F（1，25）= 4.09，p < 0.06。材料x组相互作用不显著（p = 0.17）。总之，这些行为数据表明，在儿童表现的速度和准确性方面存在重大的发展差异。