Childhood Leukemia and Home Environmental Exposures

儿童白血病和家庭环境暴露

• 批准号: 7467123
• 负责人: Patricia A Buffler
• 金额: $ 117.71万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA BERKELEY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2009
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2009-07-16 至 2011-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/7467123
• 关键词: Air; Aromatic Polycyclic Hydrocarbons; Attenuated; Benzene; California; Carcinogen exposure; Carcinogens; Case-Control Studies; Chemicals; Child; Childhood Leukemia; Classification; Data; Data Sources; Development; Dust; Environmental Epidemiology; Environmental Exposure; Exposure to; Geographic Information Systems; Health; Home environment; House Dust; Household; Interview; Lead; Link; Logistic Regressions; Longitudinal Studies; Malignant Childhood Neoplasm; Measurement; Measures; Modeling; Nicotine; Patient Self-Report; Pesticides; Polychlorinated Biphenyls; Population Study; Pregnancy; Relative Risks; Reproducibility; Risk; Risk Management; Sampling; Seasons; Source; Systematic Bias; Systems Analysis; Testing; Time; Tobacco smoke; Uncertainty; Vacuum; Validation; Variant; air monitoring; attenuation; base; cancer risk; case control; early childhood; leukemia; pollutant; public health relevance; residence; tool; trend; validation studies; volatile organic compound

DESCRIPTION: Previous attempts to link leukemia risks to children's home exposures relied upon indirect measuresof exposures to carcinogens, based on interviews of households and outdoor levels predicted by Geographic Information Systems (GIS). Such indirect exposure measures can lead to systematic biases in estimated relative risks, associated with particular carcinogens. Also, children's exposures to carcinogens vary randomly within households over time, and thus can introduce attenuation biases into exposure-risk analyses. Given the likely magnitudes of these uncertainties in children's exposures to carcinogens, it is surprising that no studies have characterized systematic and random errors in children's home exposures. Here, we propose a validation/reproducibility study in which we will collect repeated air and dust samples in 250 households selected from a large case-control study of childhood leukemia, namely, the Northern California Childhood Leukemia Study (NCCLS). We will estimate the magnitudes of both systematic errors and random errors and calibrate interview/GISbased exposure surrogates against 'true' contaminant levels measured in air/dust samples. Then, we will use the errors estimated from the validation study to correct na¿ve estimates of childhood leukemia risk (overall and by subtype) associated with particular carcinogens in the main NCCLS (1,100 cases and 1,650 controls). These analyses will also allow us to identify possible time trends and seasonal changes in exposure levels during critical time windows of gestation and early childhood development. We will focus upon 40 known or suspected carcinogens in house dust and indoor air, including pesticides, persistent organic compounds (polychlorinated biphenyls, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, and nicotine, a surrogate for tobacco smoke), and volatile organic compounds. In each household, a total of three samples of vacuum-cleaner dust and indoor air (using passive air monitors) will be tested for the respective persistent and volatile carcinogens. This proposal presents an exciting opportunity to identify and correct for potential biases of estimated childhood leukemia risks, associated with carcinogen exposures in the NCCLS population. The results would not only clarify the potential importance of particular carcinogens to childhood leukemia risk but also would provide unique information regarding home exposures to carcinogens that can be used in environmental epidemiology and risk management. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: This project proposes to evaluate systematic and random errors in assessing home exposure to chemicals in a case-control study of childhood leukemia, and their impact on risk estimation. We will obtain indirect measures of exposures using interviews and geographic information systems tools, and conduct repeated air and dust sampling to measure levels of various carcinogens (i.e., pesticides, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons, nicotine, benzene and other volatile organic compounds). This study will identify time trends in exposure levels that might have a significant impact on exposure levels during gestation and early childhood.

产品说明：以前试图将白血病风险与儿童的家庭暴露联系起来，依赖于间接测量致癌物的暴露，基于地理信息系统（GIS）预测的家庭和户外水平的访谈。这种间接接触措施可能导致与特定致癌物相关的估计相对风险的系统性偏差。此外，随着时间的推移，儿童接触致癌物的情况在家庭中随机变化，因此可能会在风险分析中引入衰减偏差。考虑到儿童暴露于致癌物的不确定性的可能程度，令人惊讶的是，没有研究表明儿童家庭暴露的系统性和随机性错误。在这里，我们提出了一个验证/再现性研究中，我们将收集重复的空气和灰尘样本，在250个家庭从一个大型的儿童白血病病例对照研究，即北方加州儿童白血病研究（NCCLS）。我们将估计系统误差和随机误差的大小，并根据空气/灰尘样本中测量的“真实”污染物水平校准访谈/基于GIS的暴露替代品。然后，我们将使用验证研究中估计的误差来纠正主要NCCLS（1，100例病例和1，650例对照）中与特定致癌物相关的儿童白血病风险（总体和亚型）的幼稚估计。这些分析还将使我们能够确定在妊娠和幼儿发育的关键时间窗口期间暴露水平的可能时间趋势和季节性变化。我们将重点关注室内灰尘和室内空气中的40种已知或疑似致癌物，包括杀虫剂、持久性有机化合物（多氯联苯、多环芳烃和尼古丁，烟草烟雾的替代品）和挥发性有机化合物。在每个家庭中，将对真空吸尘器灰尘和室内空气（使用被动空气监测器）的三个样本进行持久性和挥发性致癌物的测试。该提案提供了一个令人兴奋的机会，以识别和纠正与NCCLS人群中致癌物暴露相关的估计儿童白血病风险的潜在偏倚。这些结果不仅将阐明特定致癌物对儿童白血病风险的潜在重要性，而且还将提供有关家庭暴露于致癌物的独特信息，这些信息可用于环境流行病学和风险管理。公共卫生相关性：本项目拟在儿童白血病病例对照研究中评估家庭接触化学品的系统性和随机性误差及其对风险估计的影响。我们将使用访谈和地理信息系统工具获得间接的暴露措施，并进行重复的空气和灰尘采样，以测量各种致癌物的水平（即，杀虫剂、多环芳烃、尼古丁、苯和其他挥发性有机化合物）。这项研究将确定可能对妊娠期和幼儿期接触水平产生重大影响的接触水平的时间趋势。