Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision

描述（申请人提供）：弱视看电视和电影摘要电视、互联网和电影是信息和娱乐的主要来源。中心视力下降的人是美国低视力（视力障碍）的主要形式，他们通常难以使用这些媒体。出现这种困难的原因是，由于老年性黄斑变性和糖尿病性黄斑水肿等疾病导致的中枢性视网膜损伤，迫使患者使用偏心视力。与中央凹相比，偏心视力因空间分辨力的丧失、拥挤程度的提高以及眼球运动和维持困难而受损。目前，对电视观看的康复治疗非常有限，大多数AMD患者对他们的观看体验表示不满。可用的策略包括坐得近一些，购买一个大显示器（房间的人体工程学很难）、望远镜（视野有限）、菲涅耳透镜（图像质量差）和音频描述（提供的额外信息很少）。放大是中央视力下降的最有效的康复形式；然而，简单的电子放大会造成视场的限制。这可能会导致信息和上下文的丢失，并削弱体验。我们将开发和评估三种修改电子运动图像的新方法，作为中心视力下降的人的辅助设备。这三种方法都是基于放大，但也采用动态和智能的方法来减少上下文的丢失，并与辅助眼球运动控制的技术相结合。通过智能，我们的意思是放大方法利用有关运动图像的信息来改变图像的放大方式。该信息可以来自观看者、其他观看者、眼球运动，或者它可以是运动图像本身固有的。将采用图像处理技术从运动图像中提取此类信息，并修改所显示的运动图像。为了更好地部署这些放大方法，我们将包括研究，以证明中心视力下降的人可以使用某些图像修改，并且修改不会产生令人不满意的图像。我们将在研究中系统地开发和评估三种放大方法中的每一种，以测试是否对中心视力丧失的人有客观和主观的好处。在此过程中，我们将开发新的方法来评估运动图像修改（增强）的效益，这是一个欠发达的领域。总之，我们建议开发和评估新的视力康复辅助工具，以提高使用电视，互联网和电影的能力，从而改善中心视力下降患者的生活质量。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision Abstract Television, the internet and movies are a major source of information and entertainment. People with reduced central vision, the major form of low vision (visual impairment) in America, often have difficulty using these media. That difficulty arises because people with central retinal impairment from conditions such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema are forced to use eccentric vision. Compared with the fovea, eccentric vision is impaired by a loss of spatial resolution, an elevation of crowding and difficulties making and maintaining eye movements. Currently, rehabilitation for television viewing is very limited, and most people with AMD express dissatisfaction with their viewing experience. Available strategies include sitting closer and purchasing a large monitor (room ergonomics difficult), telescope (limited field of view), Fresnel lens over screen (poor image quality) and audio description (little additional information provided). Magnification is the most effective form of rehabilitation for reduced central vision; however, simple electronic magnification causes restriction of the field of view. This can cause a loss of information and context and diminishes the experience. We will develop and evaluate three novel methods of modifying electronic moving images as assistive devices for people with reduced central vision. All three methods are based on magnification, but also employ dynamic and intelligent methods of reducing the loss of context and are combined with techniques to assist eye movement control. By intelligent, we mean that the magnification method makes use of information about the moving image to vary the way that the image is magnified. That information may come from the viewer, other viewers, eye movements, or it may be inherent in the moving image itself. Image-processing techniques will be employed to extract such information from the moving images, and to modify the moving images that are displayed. To better deploy these magnification methods, we will include studies to demonstrate that people with reduced central vision can use certain image modifications and that the modifications do not produce unsatisfactory images. We will systematically develop and evaluate each of the three magnification methods in studies designed to test whether there are objective and subjective benefits to people with central vision loss. In the process, we will develop novel methods for the assessment of benefit of moving-image modification (enhancement), an area that is poorly developed. In summary, we propose to develop and evaluate novel vision rehabilitation aids that will improve the ability to use television, the internet and movies, and thereby improve the quality of life of people with reduced central vision. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision Narrative Most people with macular degeneration, the major form of low vision (visual impairment) in America, often have difficulty viewing television, the internet and movies, which are a major source of information and entertainment. We propose to develop and evaluate three novel assistive visual aids that will improve the ability to watch and enjoy television and movies, and thereby, improve the quality of life of people with reduced central vision.