Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision

描述（由申请人提供）：看电视和电影与低视力摘要电视，互联网和电影是信息和娱乐的主要来源。中央视力下降的人，在美国低视力（视力障碍）的主要形式，往往难以使用这些媒体。这种困难的出现是因为患有年龄相关性黄斑变性和糖尿病性黄斑水肿等疾病的中央视网膜损伤的人被迫使用偏心视力。与中央凹相比，偏心视觉由于空间分辨率的丧失、拥挤程度的增加以及难以进行和维持眼球运动而受损。目前，电视观看的康复非常有限，大多数AMD患者对他们的观看体验表示不满。可用的策略包括坐得更近，购买一个大显示器（房间人体工程学困难），望远镜（视野有限），屏幕上的菲涅尔透镜（图像质量差）和音频描述（提供的额外信息很少）。放大是最有效的康复形式为减少中央视力;然而，简单的电子放大会导致视野的限制。这可能会导致信息和背景的丢失，并减少体验。 我们将开发和评估三种新的方法，修改电子运动图像作为辅助设备的人减少中央视觉。所有这三种方法都是基于放大，但也采用动态和智能的方法来减少上下文的丢失，并与技术相结合，以帮助眼动控制。所谓智能，我们指的是放大方法利用有关运动图像的信息来改变图像放大的方式。该信息可能来自观看者、其他观看者、眼睛运动，或者它可能是运动图像本身固有的。将采用图像处理技术从运动图像中提取这样的信息，并修改所显示的运动图像。 为了更好地部署这些放大方法，我们将纳入研究，以证明中心视力下降的人可以使用某些图像修改，并且修改不会产生不满意的图像。我们将系统地开发和评估三种放大方法中的每一种，以测试是否对中心视力丧失的人有客观和主观的好处。在这个过程中，我们将开发新的方法来评估运动图像修改（增强）的好处，这是一个发展不足的领域。 总之，我们建议开发和评估新的视力康复辅助工具，以提高使用电视，互联网和电影的能力，从而提高中心视力下降的人的生活质量。 公共卫生相关性：大多数患有黄斑变性的人，在美国低视力（视力障碍）的主要形式，往往难以观看电视，互联网和电影，这是信息和娱乐的主要来源。我们建议开发和评估三种新颖的辅助视觉教具，这些教具将提高观看和欣赏电视和电影的能力，从而提高中心视力下降的人的生活质量。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision Abstract Television, the internet and movies are a major source of information and entertainment. People with reduced central vision, the major form of low vision (visual impairment) in America, often have difficulty using these media. That difficulty arises because people with central retinal impairment from conditions such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema are forced to use eccentric vision. Compared with the fovea, eccentric vision is impaired by a loss of spatial resolution, an elevation of crowding and difficulties making and maintaining eye movements. Currently, rehabilitation for television viewing is very limited, and most people with AMD express dissatisfaction with their viewing experience. Available strategies include sitting closer and purchasing a large monitor (room ergonomics difficult), telescope (limited field of view), Fresnel lens over screen (poor image quality) and audio description (little additional information provided). Magnification is the most effective form of rehabilitation for reduced central vision; however, simple electronic magnification causes restriction of the field of view. This can cause a loss of information and context and diminishes the experience. We will develop and evaluate three novel methods of modifying electronic moving images as assistive devices for people with reduced central vision. All three methods are based on magnification, but also employ dynamic and intelligent methods of reducing the loss of context and are combined with techniques to assist eye movement control. By intelligent, we mean that the magnification method makes use of information about the moving image to vary the way that the image is magnified. That information may come from the viewer, other viewers, eye movements, or it may be inherent in the moving image itself. Image-processing techniques will be employed to extract such information from the moving images, and to modify the moving images that are displayed. To better deploy these magnification methods, we will include studies to demonstrate that people with reduced central vision can use certain image modifications and that the modifications do not produce unsatisfactory images. We will systematically develop and evaluate each of the three magnification methods in studies designed to test whether there are objective and subjective benefits to people with central vision loss. In the process, we will develop novel methods for the assessment of benefit of moving-image modification (enhancement), an area that is poorly developed. In summary, we propose to develop and evaluate novel vision rehabilitation aids that will improve the ability to use television, the internet and movies, and thereby improve the quality of life of people with reduced central vision. PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision Narrative Most people with macular degeneration, the major form of low vision (visual impairment) in America, often have difficulty viewing television, the internet and movies, which are a major source of information and entertainment. We propose to develop and evaluate three novel assistive visual aids that will improve the ability to watch and enjoy television and movies, and thereby, improve the quality of life of people with reduced central vision.