Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision

低视力看电视和电影 摘要 电视、互联网和电影是信息和娱乐的主要来源。具有以下特征的人 中心视力下降是美国低视力(视力障碍)的主要形式，通常有困难 使用这些媒体。这种困难的出现是因为患有视网膜中央损伤的人 如老年性黄斑变性和糖尿病黄斑水肿都被迫使用偏心法 幻象。与中心凹相比，偏心视力会因空间分辨率的丧失、高度的降低而受损。 拥挤以及难以进行和维持眼球运动。目前，康复治疗 电视收视率非常有限，大多数患有AMD的人对自己的收视率表示不满 经验。可用的策略包括坐得更近，购买大型监视器(房间人体工程学 困难)、望远镜(视场有限)、菲涅尔屏幕透镜(图像质量差)和音频 描述(提供的附加信息很少)。放大是最有效的 中心视力下降的康复；然而，简单的电子放大会导致限制 视野。这可能会导致信息和上下文的丢失，并降低体验。 我们将开发和评估三种修改电子运动图像的新方法，包括 为中心视力下降的人提供的辅助设备。这三种方法都是基于放大的， 而且还使用动态和智能的方法来减少上下文的丢失，并与 辅助眼动控制的技巧。我们所说的智能，是指放大方法 利用有关运动图像的信息来改变图像的放大方式。那 信息可能来自观众、其他观众、眼球运动，也可能是 运动图像本身。图像处理技术将被用来从 运动图像，并修改显示的运动图像。 为了更好地利用这些放大方法，我们将包括研究，以证明人们 中心视力降低的人可以使用某些图像修改，而修改不能 产生不令人满意的图像。我们将系统地开发和评估这三个项目 研究中的放大方法，旨在测试是否有客观和主观的好处 有中心视力丧失的人。在这个过程中，我们将开发新的方法来评估 运动图像修改(增强)的好处，这是一个欠发达的领域。 综上所述，我们建议开发和评估新的视力康复辅助设备，这些设备将会改善 使用电视、互联网和电影的能力，从而提高人们的生活质量 中心视力下降。

Watching Television and Movies with Low Vision Abstract Television, the internet and movies are a major source of information and entertainment. People with reduced central vision, the major form of low vision (visual impairment) in America, often have difficulty using these media. That difficulty arises because people with central retinal impairment from conditions such as age-related macular degeneration and diabetic macular edema are forced to use eccentric vision. Compared with the fovea, eccentric vision is impaired by a loss of spatial resolution, an elevation of crowding and difficulties making and maintaining eye movements. Currently, rehabilitation for television viewing is very limited, and most people with AMD express dissatisfaction with their viewing experience. Available strategies include sitting closer and purchasing a large monitor (room ergonomics difficult), telescope (limited field of view), Fresnel lens over screen (poor image quality) and audio description (little additional information provided). Magnification is the most effective form of rehabilitation for reduced central vision; however, simple electronic magnification causes restriction of the field of view. This can cause a loss of information and context and diminishes the experience. We will develop and evaluate three novel methods of modifying electronic moving images as assistive devices for people with reduced central vision. All three methods are based on magnification, but also employ dynamic and intelligent methods of reducing the loss of context and are combined with techniques to assist eye movement control. By intelligent, we mean that the magnification method makes use of information about the moving image to vary the way that the image is magnified. That information may come from the viewer, other viewers, eye movements, or it may be inherent in the moving image itself. Image-processing techniques will be employed to extract such information from the moving images, and to modify the moving images that are displayed. To better deploy these magnification methods, we will include studies to demonstrate that people with reduced central vision can use certain image modifications and that the modifications do not produce unsatisfactory images. We will systematically develop and evaluate each of the three magnification methods in studies designed to test whether there are objective and subjective benefits to people with central vision loss. In the process, we will develop novel methods for the assessment of benefit of moving-image modification (enhancement), an area that is poorly developed. In summary, we propose to develop and evaluate novel vision rehabilitation aids that will improve the ability to use television, the internet and movies, and thereby improve the quality of life of people with reduced central vision.