Race, Ethnicity, Nativity and Housing Outcomes in Los Angeles

在美国，住房对儿童、家庭和社区的社会和经济福祉有着重要的影响。例如，由于高昂的住房费用而“负担沉重”的家庭不太能够节省资源来抵消意外的保健和其他紧急情况、退休计划或投资于教育。然而，在美国，住房情况，如成本负担、住房拥有率、拥有房屋的价值和公平性，因种族、民族和出生而有很大差异。总的来说，与白人家庭相比，非洲裔美国人和拉丁裔家庭在这些结果上处于劣势；与在美国出生的家庭相比，移民家庭同样处于不利地位。目前的项目旨在更多地了解种族、民族和出生与房屋所有权和较少研究的住房结果之间的关系。第一个目的是估计种族和民族之间的直接联系，以及拉丁美洲人、非西班牙裔白人和非洲裔美国人住房的四个不同方面。此外，对拉美裔的分析将考虑代际地位的作用（在另一个国家出生的移民和在美国出生的移民子女）。第二个目的是使用较少研究的或“新”变量，如是否拥有美国银行账户、法律地位和对祖国的依恋，来检查拉丁裔移民与本土出生的拉丁裔、非西班牙裔白人和黑人在住房成本负担、房屋所有权、房屋价值和房屋净值方面的差异。该项目使用了个人、家庭和社区的详细数据，这些数据是洛杉矶家庭和社区调查（L.A.FANS）的一部分。第一波L.A.FANS数据是在2000年至2002年1月期间从洛杉矶县65个人口普查区的约3000户家庭中收集的。受访者的数据与2000年人口普查中有关社区的定量信息相关联。利息的主要因变量是住房成本负担（家庭收入用于租金或抵押贷款的比例），家庭是购买还是租用房屋，自有住房的价值，以及房屋的净值（房屋价值与房屋抵押贷款本金之间的差额）。住房结果需要不同的统计技术：房屋所有权的logit回归，成本负担的OLS回归，房屋价值和权益的Tobit回归。总体而言，该项目的结果将提供关于种族、民族和出生地如何影响美国经济流动机会的新见解。本项目是利用下一波L.A. FANS（2006- 2008）对成本负担、租住权和住房财富进行纵向研究的基础。

DESCRIPTION (provided by applicant): Project Summary Housing has important consequences for the social and economic well-being of children, their families, and their communities in the United States. For example, families that are "cost-burdened" due to high shelter costs are less able to save resources to offset unanticipated health and other emergencies, plan for retirement, or invest in education. However, housing situations such as cost burden, homeownership rates, and the value and equity of owned homes vary dramatically by race, ethnicity, and nativity in the United States. In general, compared with White households, African American and Latino households are disadvantaged in these outcomes; immigrant households are similarly disadvantaged compared with U.S. born households. The current project aims to understand more about how race, ethnicity, and nativity are linked to homeownership and lesser-studied housing outcomes. The first aim is to estimate the direct connection between race and ethnicity and the four different facets of housing for Latinos, Non-Hispanic Whites, and African Americans. In addition, analyses of Latinos will consider the role of generational status (immigrant born in another country and the U.S. born children of immigrants). The second aim is to examine variations in housing cost burden, homeownership, home values and home equity between Latino immigrants and native- born Latinos, Non-Hispanic Whites, and Blacks using lesser-studied or "new" variables such as having a U.S. bank account, legal status, and attachments to the home country. The project employs detailed data about individuals, households, and neighborhoods collected and assembled as part of the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS). The first wave of L.A.FANS data was collected between 2000 and January 2002 from approximately 3,000 households in 65 census tracts in Los Angeles County. Respondent data are linked with quantitative information about neighborhoods from the 2000 census. The primary dependent variables of interest are housing cost burden (the proportion of household income spent on rent or mortgage), whether the household is buying or renting the home, value of owner-occupied home, and the equity on the home (the difference between the value of the home and the principal owed on the home mortgage(s)). The housing outcomes require different statistical techniques: logit regression for homeownership, OLS regression for cost burden, Tobit regression for home value and equity. Overall, the results of the project will provide new insights about how race, ethnicity, and nativity shape opportunities for economic mobility in the United States. This project is the foundation for longitudinal studies of cost burden, tenure, and housing wealth using the next wave of L.A. FANS (2006- 2008). PUBLIC HEALTH RELEVANCE: The proposed project employs data from the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey (L.A.FANS) to examine differences by race and ethnicity in housing costs, homeownership rates, housing values and home equity for Latinos, Non-Hispanic Whites, and African Americans. The study will also examine disparities between immigrants from Mexico and Central America and the U.S. born in these four housing outcomes. Understanding more about the factors linked with the allocation of income to housing, homeownership, and the creation of household wealth have implications for whether families are able to afford health insurance, reside in safer, higher-quality housing, and survive unanticipated emergencies due to illness.